Non-invasive indicators in the poultry manure composting process

Purpose: The study presents how to develop and optimize a spectral measurement methodology for monitoring the composting process of broiler and hen manure using zeolite. Models were set up to determine the pH, electrical conductivity (EC, dS m−1), and moisture content (MC, w/w%) from reflectance data using spectral indices to establish a rapid, noninvasive, non-destructive method for the monitoring of the composting process. Method: An open composting experiment was set up, in which a mixture of broiler and hen manure was composted with a zeolite additive (1 w/w%) for 62 days. During the experiment, samples were taken to determine MC, pH, and EC measured from a 10% distilled water extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the indices to determine the wavelength ranges that could be used to test the material quality of the compost. Results: Spectral index-based monitoring methods were developed. The λ2115/λ1993 index-based estimation model with good performance (RMSE 2.42 m/m%) is suggested to measure the moisture content in composts. The electrical conductivity (RMSE 1.38 dS m−1) and pH (RMSE 0.28 pH) are recommended to monitor with the λ812/λ941 index-based models. Conclusion: Based on the results, identified indices are suitable for determining the physico-chemical parameters of compost, which is of great importance for intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive composting plants, as spectral analyses can replace time-consuming analytical analyses. Research Highlights: Non-destructive monitoring of zeolite-amended broiler and hen manure composting λ2115/λ1993 index for moisture monitoring in compost λ812/λ941 index for electrical conductivity and pH monitoring in compos

Evaluation of Parameters in an Aerob Industrial Fermentation System

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Civil szervezetek munkája az illegális hulladéklerakás ellen

Szakdolgozatomban kiemelten szeretnék foglalkozni az illegális hulladéklerakás jogi hátterével, szankcióival, valamint azzal, hogy melyek azok a védett területek amelyek veszélynek vannak kitéve a hulladékok rendezetlen lerakása miatt. Szeretném összefoglalni, hogy milyen feladatok azok, amelyekkel kiemelten kellene foglalkoznunk, és melyek azok a civil szervezetek, egyesületek, akik kampányokkal, pályázatokkal lépnek fel az illegális hulladéklerakás ellen. A civil szervezetek közül kiemelt szerepet szeretnék szentelni az E-misszió Természet- és Környezetvédelmi Egyesületnek, illetve az ők áldozatos munkájának, valamint a civil szervezeteken túl szeretnék Nyíregyháza város hulladékgazdálkodásával és hulladéktérképeivel foglalkozni.BSc/BATermészetvédelmi mérnö

Baromfitrágya előkezelése biochar és zeolit felhasználásával

Az állattartás során melléktermék - istállótrágya - keletkezik. Az istállótrágya a haszonállatok szilárd és híg ürülékéből, valamint alomanyagból áll. A többi trágyaféléhez hasonlóan a baromfitrágya is kijuttatható közvetlen formában a szántóföldekre, s így tápanyag-utánpótlásra felhasználható a növénytermesztési technológiákban. Emellett azonban egyre több helyen tapasztalható az, hogy a baromfitrágyát komposztálják, valamint biogáz előállításra hasznosítják. Mélyalmos tartástechnológiájú broiler csirkenevelésből adódóan a nyírbátori Gastor Baromfi Kft. területén nagy mennyiségben keletkezik almos trágya, melynek mennyisége az 5 baromfi telepen összesen 11.600 t/év. Az alomanyag jellemzően szecskázott tritikálé szalma. Az alomtrágya szárazanyag tartalma 37,83-43,92%, szerves szárazanyag-tartalma 87,55%. Kémhatása 6,85-7,41 között, nitrogén-tartalma 3,03-3,65%, szén-tartalma 37,73-40,52% között változik.MSc/MAKörnyezetgazdálkodási agrármérnö

Examination and statistical evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of windrow composting

  The treatment and utilization of plant and animal waste and by-products from agriculture is very diverse. Traditional environmental management practices for waste management have been retained through soil conservation and the applied of recycle degradable organic substances in soil. The management of by-products from agriculture (animal husbandry) is important because a closed loop can be created to utilize by-products (manure, feathers) from the production of the main product (eggs, meat, milk) and to form a raw material for a new product. It is important to treat the resulting by-products, especially deep-litter manure, as it has served as a basis for compost-treated manure to develop an organic-based, soil-conditioning product line. Poultry manure by itself is not suitable as a substrate for aerobic decomposition, so it has to be mixed with other substances (zeolite, bentonite, soil), because of its high nutrient capacity, it is an acidifying substance. The aim of this study was to compost the mixture of poultry manure and hen manure by the addition of zeolite and to monitor the composting process. It was also our aim to statistically determine the effect of the zeolite on parameters describing the composting process. The windrow composting experiments were set up in the composting area of the University of Debrecen, Institute of Water and Environmental Management. The composting experiment was 62 days long, during which the main parameters describing the composting process were continuously monitored: temperature (°C), moisture content (w/w%), electrical conductivity (mS/cm), organic matter content (w/w%), examination of nitrogen forms (w/w%). In this study, three factors were investigated: temperature, humidity, and pH. For statistical evaluation, R software and RStudio user interface were used. We developed a repeated measurement model, in which the fixed and random effects were determined for our parameters under study, and the resulting relationships were shown on interaction plots. Based on our results, the temperature of the prisms has become independent of the ambient temperature and the composting stages can be separated in both the control and the zeolite treated prisms. In the repeated measurement model, we proved that treatment, time and treatment: time interaction were significant at both temperature and pH