3,870 research outputs found
Will Employers Want Aging Boomers?
Explores the status quo of older workers; why baby boomers are likely to work longer; and how changes in needed skills, the characteristics of older workers, and labor force growth will affect demand for older workers. Includes policy recommendations
Membership of the Orion Nebula Population from the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project
The Chandra Orion Ultradeep project (COUP) observation described in a
companion paper by Getman et al. provides an exceptionally deep X-ray survey of
the Orion Nebula Cluster and associated embedded young stellar objects.
Membership of the region is important for studies of the stellar IMF, cluster
dynamics, and star formation. The COUP study detected 1616 X-ray sources. In
this study we confirm cloud membership for 1315 stars, identify 16 probable
foreground field stars having optical counterparts with discrepant proper
motions, and classify the remaining 285 X-ray sources, of which 51 are lightly
and 234 heavily obscured. The 51 lightly obscured sources without known
counterparts fall into three groups. (i) Sixteen are likely new members of the
Orion Nebula Cluster. (ii) Two with unusually soft and non-flaring X-ray
emission appear to be associated with nebular shocks, and may be new examples
of X-rays produced at the bow shocks of Herbig-Haro outflows. (iii) The
remaining thirty three are very weak uncertain sources, possibly spurious. Out
of 234 heavily absorbed sources without optical or near-infrared counterparts
75 COUP sources are likely new embedded cloud members (with membership for 42
confirmed by powerful X-ray flares), and the remaining 159 are likely
extragalactic AGN seen through the molecular cloud, as argued by a careful
simulation of the extragalactic background population. Finally, a few new
binary companions to Orion stars may have been found, but most cases of
proximate COUP sources can be attributed to chance superpositions in this
crowded field.Comment: 49 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJS,
special issue dedicated to Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project. A version with
high quality figures can be found at
http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/gkosta/COUP_Membership.pd
Reduction of a dislocation of the hip due to developmental dysplasia: Implications for the need for future surgery
The Discovery of 63 Giant Radio Galaxies in the FIRST Survey
Giant Radio Galaxies (GRGs) are Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with radio
emission that extends over projected sizes Mpc. The large angular sizes
associated with GRGs complicate their identification in radio survey images
using traditional source finders. In this Note, we use DRAGNhunter, an
algorithm designed to find double-lobed radio galaxies, to search for GRGs in
the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm survey (FIRST). Radio and
optical images of identified candidates are visually inspected to confirm their
authenticity, resulting in the discovery of previously unreported GRGs.Comment: 5 pages, 1 Table. Catalog data available from
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009417
A prospective adaptive utility trial to validate performance of a novel urine exosome gene expression assay to predict high-grade prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen 2-10ng/ml at initial biopsy
BACKGROUND: Discriminating indolent from clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) in the initial biopsy setting remains an important issue. Prospectively evaluated diagnostic assays are necessary to ensure efficacy and clinical adoption.
OBJECTIVE: Performance and utility assessment of ExoDx Prostate (IntelliScore) (EPI) urine exosome gene expression assay versus standard clinical parameters for discriminating Grade Group (GG) ≥2 PCa from GG1 PCa and benign disease on initial biopsy.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A two-phase adaptive clinical utility study (NCT03031418) comparing EPI results with biopsy outcomes in men, with age ≥50 yr and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 2-10ng/ml, scheduled for initial prostate biopsy. After EPI performance assessment during phase I, a clinical implementation document (ie, CarePath) was developed for utilizing the EPI test in phase II, where the biopsy decision is uncertain.
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Performance evaluation of the EPI test in patients enrolled in phase I and publication of a consensus CarePath for phase II.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In a total of 503 patients, with median age of 64 yr, median PSA 5.4ng/ml, 14% African American, 70% Caucasian, 53% positive biopsy rate (22% GG1, 17% GG2, and 15% ≥ GG3), EPI was superior to an optimized model of standard clinical parameters with an area under the curve (AUC) 0.70 versus 0.62, respectively, comparable with previously published results (n=519 patients, EPI AUC 0.71). Validated cut-point 15.6 would avoid 26% of unnecessary prostate biopsies and 20% of total biopsies, with negative predictive value (NPV) 89% and missing 7% of ≥GG2 PCa. Alternative cut-point 20 would avoid 40% of unnecessary biopsies and 31% of total biopsies, with NPV 89% and missing 11% of ≥GG2 PCa. The clinical investigators reached consensus recommending use of the 15.6 cut-point for phase II. Outcome of the decision impact cohort in phase II will be reported separately.
CONCLUSIONS: EPI is a noninvasive, easy-to-use, gene expression urine assay, which has now been successfully validated in over 1000 patients across two prospective validation trials to stratify risk of ≥GG2 from GG1 cancer and benign disease. The test improves identification of patients with higher grade disease and would reduce the total number of unnecessary biopsies.
PATIENT SUMMARY: It is challenging to predict which men are likely to have high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) at initial biopsy with prostate-specific antigen 2-10ng/ml. This study further demonstrates that the ExoDx Prostate (IntelliScore) test can predict ≥GG2 PCa at initial biopsy and defer unnecessary biopsies better than existing risk calculator\u27s and standard clinical data
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