40 research outputs found

    MORPHOFUNCTIONAL ESTIMATION OF IMMUNE FUNCTION OF LYMPH NODE OF OLD AGE IN THE CONDITIONS OF PHYTOTHERAPY

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    The morphofunctional estimation of the immune status of a lymph node of animals of old. age is spent in experiment. Data has shown decrease in immune function of the lymph node because of a fibrosis process of cells depletion of paracortex structure in the conditions of a lymphopoiesis reduction. The ageing strengthens the cellular immunity that is characterized by increase in paracortex size at preservation of a parity of lymphoid nodules with the germinative centre and without the germinative centre. The phytotherapy strengthens proliferative processes accompanied by increase of number of cells in lymphoid nodules, stimulates of macrophage reaction and increases number of plasmablasts in all structurally and functional zones of a lymph node of animals of old age. There is a formation of the immune answer on the mixed type in the conditions of phytotherapy. The result has practical importance for use of the immunefocused phytotherapy in programs of endoecological rehabilitations taking into account the age facto

    MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TISSUE MICROREGION OF THE THYROID GLAND AT EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

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    Research purpose was to study the structures of the tissue microregion of the thyroid gland at an experimental hypothyroidism. Material and methods. The hypothyroidism model was created by mercazolilum intake at a dose of 5 mg/100 g of body mass for a month. The structure of tissue area (follicle, thyrocyte, interfollicular space) with morphometry and calculation of the integral indicators of the thyroid gland functional activity have been investigated by the light-optical and ultrastructural methods. Results and discussion. The morphophysiological structure of the thyroid gland is a tissue microregion. It unites a group of follicles and interfollicular space. The structure of the tissue miroregion have features of structural response to merkazolilum intake. The thyrostatic remedy changes the follicular organization of the thyroid gland to the predominance of small and medium follicles with signs of alteration. Thyrocytes have expansion and deformation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum cisterns, formation of intracellular colloid, reduction in the number of lysosomes and mitochondrions with their disorganization. The ratio of the area of the follicular epithelium, colloid and stroma changes at hypothyroidism. The portion of interstitial increases, there is an accumulation of tissue fluid because of weakening of a lymphatic drainage. Blood and lymphatic microvessels react by reducing the volume density to mercazolilum intake. Conclusion. The merkazolilum thyreostatics effects on morphology and metabolic and transport processes in tissue microregion. It testifies to decrease of thyroid function and the creation of hypothyroidism adequate model

    Molecular mechanisms of myocardial damage in the hypertensive rats and hypertensive rats with metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis)

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    Despite the success which was achieved in the treatment of arterial hypertension, for optimization of the treatment, it is necessary to study the pathogenesis of primary arterial hypertension and target organ damage on the molecular leve

    Prognostic factors in patients with hematological malignancies and concomitant chronic hepatitis C

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    The study evaluated the impact of HCV infection on the prognosis in patients with hematological malignancies. A total of 96 patients with anti-HCV antibodies were enrolled, with the age of 37.8 (3.0–81.0) years old, 39.6% had non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) was diagnosed in 46.9% patients prior to malignancy development, in 38.5% patients simultaneously with malignancy, and in 14.6% patients during malignancy treatment. Clinical and biochemical signs of HCH were mild in most of the patients, minimal liver fibrosis (F0–1 by METAVIR system) was discovered in 47.3% patients, severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (F3–4) was diagnosed in 40% of participants. Only 20 (20.8%) of patients received antiviral therapy against HCV prior to enrollment. Regression analysis demonstrated that age 55 years old, late onset of antiviral therapy, and poor nutritional status were significant predictors of death from hematological malignancy. Survey conducted among physicians of hematological oncology hospitals in Saint-Petersburg revealed gaps in knowledge on presentation and risks of HCV infection, as well as on opportunities of modern antiviral therapy

    Характеристика HCV-инфекции у онкогематологических больных

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    Objective: clinical and laboratory characteristics of HCV infection in patients with oncohematological malignancies. Materials and Methods: The study included 106 patients with a positive serum HCV antibody (anti-HCV) test result, who were examined or treated in 5 specialized oncohematological units of different hospitals in Saint Petersburg in 2018–2019.Laboratory tests included: ALT and AST activity, qualitative (with sensitivity of 60 IU/ml) and quantitative determination of HCV RNA, as well as HCV genotyping by real-time PCR. The presence and the grade of liver fibrosis according to the METAVIR scale were evaluated by indirect elastography on Fibroscan. Results: Men were predominant (62,2%), and most of patients (67%) were of young and middle age (18-59 years old). HCV infection was confirmed in 68% patients, and in 41.7% of them HCV genotype 3 was detected. HCV RNA was not detected in 32% cases, suggesting the spontaneous clearance of the virus. Severe liver fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis (F4) were found in 40% patients with confirmed viremia. In most patients, the normal ALT activity level was registered. 86% patients diagnosed with HCV infection were followed up by an infectious disease specialist until the present study. 19% patients received antiviral therapy for HCV infection. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with advanced liver fibrosis and HCV 3 genotype, causing the greatest difficulties in antiviral treatment for HCV infection, was revealed. Prescription of direct-acting antiviral agents in the early terms after establishment of the diagnosis is reasonable.Цель: клинико-лабораторная характеристика HCVинфекции у больных онкогематологическими заболеваниями.Материала и методы: в исследование включены 106 больных с положительным результатом обследования на антитела к HCV (anti-HCV) в сыворотке крови, проходивших обследование или лечение в 5 специализированных онкогематологических отделениях стационаров Санкт-Петербурга в 2018–2019 гг.Лабораторное обследование включало: определение активности АлАТ и АсАТ, качественное (чувствительность – 60 МЕ/мл) и количественное определение РНК HCV и генотипирование HCV методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Наличие и степень выраженности фиброза печени по шкале METAVIR оценивали методом непрямой эластометрии на аппарате Fibroscan.Результаты исследования: среди пациентов преобладали мужчины (62,2%), большинство больных (67%) молодого и среднего возраста (18-59 лет). ХГС подтвержден у 68% пациентов, из них у 41,7% выявлен HCV генотип 3. В 32% случаев РНК HCV не выявили, что позволяет предположить естественную элиминацию вируса. У 40% пациентов с подтвержденной виремией установлен выраженный цирроз (F3) или фиброз печени (F4). Нормальная активность АлАТ отмечена у большинства больных. На диспансерном наблюдении у врача-инфекциониста состояли 86% от числа больных с установленным диагнозом ХГС до настоящего исследования. Противовирусная терапия ХГС проведена 19% пациентов.Заключение: обнаружение значительной доли пациентов с продвинутыми стадиями фиброза печени и генотипом 3 HCV, обусловливающим наибольшие сложности при проведении противовирусной терапии ХГС, которым целесообразно назначать противовирусные препараты прямого действия в ранние сроки после установления диагноза

    Влияние вирусных инфекций на результаты трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у онкогематологических пациентов

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    Study Objective: to assess the impact of herpesviruses infections reactivation and concomitant chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC) on complications and one-year survival after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with hematologic malignancies.Materials and Methods: medical records of HSCT recipients with PCR-confirmed viral infections (CMV, HHV-6, EBV, HSV-1,2, HCV) from Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation of Pavlov First St.Petersburg State Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The following groups were composed: patients with herpesviruses infections reactivation (PCR+) without clinical manifestation (n=37), patients with clinically manifest herpesviruses infections (n=21), and patients with CHC (n=28). Control groups were selected using matched samples method from patients with negative test results. HSCT complications rate and one-year survival were compared. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics 22 software.Results: Herpesviruses infections reactivation was revealed in 61,2% of 343 patients. The complications rate across the groups did not differ significantly. One-year survival (Kaplan-Meier) was significantly lower in the groups with herpesviruses infections (PCR+) without clinical manifestation (52,1% vs 73,5%), manifest herpesviruses infections (38,1% vs 75,0%), and CHC (64,3% vs 92,9%) than in the respective control groups. There were no significant differences between the group with reactivation of herpesviruses infections without clinical manifestation and the group with manifest herpesviruses infections.Conclusion: Significant impact of herpesviruses infections, including those without clinical manifestation, and HCH with minor symptoms and normal liver functions on one-year survival in patients with hematologic malignancies justifies wider use of antiviral therapy in patients requiring HSCT.Цель: оценить влияние реактивации герпес-вирусных инфекций и сопутствующего хронического гепатита С на развитие осложнений трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у онкогематологических пациентов и одногодичную выживаемость.Материалы и методы: проведен ретроспективный анализ историй болезни пациентов Научно-исследовательского института детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантации им. Р.М. Горбачевой Первого СанктПетербургского государственного медицинского университета им. И.П. Павлова, которым была выполнена трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, с подтвержденной методом ПЦР вирусной инфекцией из следующего спектра возбудителей: CMV, HHV-6, EBV, HSV-1,2, HCV. Из их числа составлены группы пациентов: с реактивацией герпес-вирусной инфекции (ПЦР+) без клинических проявлений (n=37), с клиническими проявлениями герпес-вирусной инфекции (n=21), с сопутствующим хроническим гепатитом С (n=28). Методом парных выборок подобраны сопоставимые группы сравнения из числа пациентов с отрицательными результатами обследования на данные инфекции. Проведена сравнительная оценка количества осложнений трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток и выживаемости в группах. Статистическая обработка с помощью пакета программы SPSS Statistics 22.Результаты: реактивация герпес-вирусных инфекций выявлена у 61,2% больных от числа обследованных (343 пациента). Количество осложнений во всех группах исследования и сравнения достоверно не различается. Одногодичная выживаемость (методом Каплана – Мейера) значимо ниже в группе герпес-вирусных инфекций (ПЦР+) без клинических проявлений (52,1% vs 73,5%), в группе с клиническими проявлениями герпес-вирусных инфекций (38,1% vs 75,0%) и в группе хронического гепатита С (64,3% vs 92,9%), чем в сопоставимых группах без соответствующих инфекций. Значимых различий по выживаемости между группой с реактивацией герпес-вирусной инфекции без клинических проявлений и пациентами с манифестными герпес-вирусными инфекциями не выявлено.Заключение: значимое влияние герпес-вирусных инфекций, в том числе без клинических проявлений, и малосимптомного хронического гепатита С с компенсированными функциями печени на одногодичную выживаемость онкогематологических пациентов обосновывает более широкое применение противовирусной терапии у пациентов, нуждающихся в трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.

    Association of the 894G>T polymorphism in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with risk of acute myocardial infarction

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    Background: This study was designed to investigate the association of the 894G>T polymorphism in the eNOS gene with risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary angiography, and in-hospital mortality after AMI. Methods: We studied 1602 consecutive patients who were enrolled in the GEMIG study. The control group was comprised by 727 individuals, who were randomly selected from the general adult population. Results: The prevalence of the Asp298 variant of eNOS was not found to be significantly and independently associated with risk of AMI (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.77–1.51, P = 0.663), extent of CAD on angiography (OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 0.63–2.23, P = 0.605) and in-hospital mortality (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.29–4.04, P = 0.908). Conclusion: In contrast to previous reports, homozygosity for the Asp298 variant of the 894G>T polymorphism in the eNOS gene was not found to be associated with risk of AMI, extent of CAD and in-hospital mortality after AM

    ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ НОЗОКОМИАЛЬНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ ПРИ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ ДУГИ АОРТЫ

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    HighlightsFor the first time, the incidence and timing of the development of postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing surgical reconstruction of the aortic arch in the post-covid period were studied. Risk factors for pneumonia and predictors of the severe course of the disease in this cohort of patients were identified. The results obtained will make it possible to differentiate patients at risk of developing pneumonia from the general population of patients undergoing surgical reconstruction of the aortic arch for targeted perioperative prevention of this complication. AbstractAim. To study the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) after aortic arch surgery, and to determine the impact of perioperative factors on the risk for its development and severity of its course.Methods. A retrospective analysis of 66 case histories of patients who underwent aortic arch surgery in 2022 was carried out. The incidence and timing of the development of pneumonia were revealed, the severity of its course was assessed. The impact of the main demographic, clinical, perioperative factors on the risk for the pneumonia development and the severity of its course was studied.Results. The incidence of pneumonia after aortic arch surgery was 24.2%. A relationship between smoking (OR 1.17; 95% CI [0.23; 1.43], p = 0.007), smoking index (OR 0.99; 95% CI [0.92; 1.07], p = 0.002) and the risk of NP developing as well as between the duration of mechanical ventilation and the severity of NP was found with a univariate logistic regression analysis (OR 1.26; 95% CI [1.0; 1.59], p = 0.049).Conclusion. The risk for NP development in patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery is associated with smoking and smoking intensity in the preoperative period. The predictor of the severe course of NP is the duration of mechanical ventilation.Основные положенияВпервые изучены частота и сроки развития послеоперационной пневмонии у пациентов, перенесших хирургическую реконструкцию дуги аорты, в постковидный период. Выявлены факторы риска пневмонии и предикторы ее тяжелого течения у этой когорты больных. Полученные результаты позволят выделить из общей популяции пациентов, оперируемых на дуге аорты, больных группы риска развития пневмонии для целенаправленной периоперационной профилактики данного осложнения. РезюмеЦель исследования. Изучить частоту возникновения нозокомиальной пневмонии (НП) после хирургической реконструкции дуги аорты, определить влияние периоперационных факторов на риск ее развития и тяжесть течения.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 66 историй болезней пациентов, перенесших хирургическую реконструкцию дуги аорты в 2022 г. Выявлены частота и сроки развития НП. Изучено влияние основных демографических, клинических, периоперационных факторов на риск развития и тяжесть течения пневмонии.Результаты. Частота развития пневмонии после хирургической реконструкции дуги аорты составила 24,2%. Обнаружена взаимосвязь курения (отношение шансов (ОШ) 1,17, 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,23–1,43, p = 0,007) и индекса курения (ОШ 0,99, 95% ДИ 0,92–1,07, p = 0,002) с риском развития НП и взаимосвязь продолжительности искусственной вентиляции легких с тяжестью течения НП в однофакторном логистическом регрессионном анализе (ОШ 1,26, 95% ДИ 1,0–1,59, p = 0,049).Заключение. Риск развития НП у пациентов, подвергнутых оперативному лечению патологии грудного отдела аорты, связан с фактом курения и его интенсивностью в дооперационном периоде. Предиктором тяжелого течения НП выступает продолжительность искусственной вентиляции легких
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