44 research outputs found
Kontrastni ultrazvuk u dijagnostici intrarenalnog refluksa u djece
Vezikoureteralni refluks (VUR) ubraja se u najÄeÅ”Äe anomalije mokraÄnog sustava u djece i može biti povezan s refluksnom nefropatijom (RN). Brojne studije ukazuju da je intrarenalni refluks (IRR) važan riziÄni faktor za febrilne uroinfekcije i ožiljÄenje bubrežnog parenhima te posljediÄno, kasnije, razvoj hipertenzije i/ili bubrežne insuficijencije. Incidencija intrarenalnog refluksa kod mikcijske cistouretrografije (MCUG) kreÄe se u rasponu ispod 1% do maksimalno 10%. Pojava kontrastnih mikromjehuriÄa izvan kontura kanalnog sustava odnosno bubrežne ÄaÅ”ice te ulazak kontrasta u parenhim bubrega dijagnostiÄki je kriterij intrarenalnog refluksa pri kontrastno pojaÄanoj ultrazvuÄnoj cistografiji (ceVUS, engl. contrast-enchanced voiding urosonography). Brojne studije ukazale su na veÄu dijagnostiÄku pouzdanost ceVUS-a u komparaciji s MCUG kod dokazivanja VUR-a. Od 2006. godine u naÅ”oj ustanovi za dijagnostiku VUR-a primjenjujemo ultrazvuÄne metode, a ceVUS je 2018. godine prihvaÄen i uvrÅ”ten u Algoritam obrade djece s uroinfekcijama od strane Hrvatskoga pedijatrijskog nefroloÅ”kog druÅ”tva. U poÄetku smo IRR otkrivali u svega 2,3% djece s VUR-om, a od 2013. godine, otkada primjenjujemo kontrastom pojaÄanu ultrazvuÄnu cistografiju, IRR se otkriva u 11,9% djece s VUR-om. Do sada nema studija koje istražuju uÄestalost intrarenalnog refluksa ovom metodom. Cilj je ovog rada prikazati moguÄnost dijagnostike IRR-a pomoÄu kontrastnog ultrazvuka, opisati tehniku izvoÄenja i naÅ”e dugogodiÅ”nje iskustvo
The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intussusception in children
Prikazali smo ultrazvuÄne karakteristike intususcepcije u 28 djece. Ultrazvuk je u sve djece bio prva "slikovna dijagnostiÄna" metoda a u 2 4 djece je nakon ultrazvuka slijedila kontrastna klizma debelog crijeva. U troje djece s anamnestiÄki dugim trajanjem simptoma te kliniÄkim znacima koji su ukazivali na razvoj peritonitisa odmah nakon ultrazvuÄnog pregleda slijedio je operacijski zahvat.We report ultrasonographic features of 28 children with ultrasonographic diagnosis of intussusception. Ultrasonography was the primary diagnostic procedure in all children, and in 24 patients US examination was followed by a barium enema examination. In 3 patients barium enema was contraindicated due to long duration of symptoms and early signs of peritonitis. Those 3 patients were operated following the US findings only
The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intussusception in children
Prikazali smo ultrazvuÄne karakteristike intususcepcije u 28 djece. Ultrazvuk je u sve djece bio prva "slikovna dijagnostiÄna" metoda a u 2 4 djece je nakon ultrazvuka slijedila kontrastna klizma debelog crijeva. U troje djece s anamnestiÄki dugim trajanjem simptoma te kliniÄkim znacima koji su ukazivali na razvoj peritonitisa odmah nakon ultrazvuÄnog pregleda slijedio je operacijski zahvat.We report ultrasonographic features of 28 children with ultrasonographic diagnosis of intussusception. Ultrasonography was the primary diagnostic procedure in all children, and in 24 patients US examination was followed by a barium enema examination. In 3 patients barium enema was contraindicated due to long duration of symptoms and early signs of peritonitis. Those 3 patients were operated following the US findings only
Uloga standardne video-kromokolonoskopije u razlikovanju adenomatoznih od neadenomatoznih sitnih kolorektalnih polipa
To date, there are no reliable endoscopic criteria to discriminate a diminutive (<5 mm) colorectal adenomatous from nonadenomatous polyps. Studies have demonstrated the usefulness of high-resolution chromoendoscopy (high-resolution colonoscopy with topically applied indigo carmine dye) in discrimination of adenomatous from nonadenomatous colorectal polyps. However, the clinical utility of standard videocolonoscopy and chromoscopy with indigo carmine dye in differentiating diminutive colorectal polyps has not yet been completely defined. The aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of standard videocolonoscopy and staining with indigo carmine dye could differentiate between adenomatous and nonadenomatous colorectal polyps smaller than 5 mm. Colonoscopy by use of an Olympus EVIS 140 video system was performed in 42 patients in whom colorectal polyps smaller than 5 mm were found. Polyps were sprayed with up to 40 ml of 0.5% indigo carmine dye, and polypectomy was performed, and the material was referred for histology. In 42 patients included in the study, 48 polyps sized <5 mm were detected. Histologic analysis showed 14 of them to be adenomatous and 34 nonadenomatous polyps. Endoscopist\u27s diagnosis was confirmed by histology in 12 of 14 (85.7%) adenomatous and 31 of 34 (91.2%) nonadenomatous colorectal diminutive polyps. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of standard videochromocolonoscopy in distinguishing between adenomatous and nonadenomatous polyps sized <5 mm were 85.7%, 91.2%, 80% and 93.9%, respectively. The likelihood ratios (LR) were 0.157 (LR-) and 9.74 (LR+). In conclusion, standard videocolonoscopy combined with indigo carmine dye is a reliable method to differentiate adenomatous from nonadenomatous colorectal polyps sized <5 mm. Such a technique could limit the requests for unnecessary biopsies and repeat colonoscopy, thus significantly reducing the cost of colorectal cancer screening.Danas ne postoje pouzdani endoskopski kriteriji koji bi razlikovali sitne (<5 mm) kolorektalne adenomatozne od
neadenomatoznih polipa. Ranije su studije pokazale korisnu uporabu visoko-rezolucijske kromoendoskopije (visoko-rezolucijska kolonoskopija s topiÄkom primjenom indigo crvene boje) u razlikovanju adenomatoznih od neadenomatoznih kolorektalnih polipa. Ipak, kliniÄka upotreba standardne video-kolonoskopije i kromoskopije s indigo crvenom bojom u razlikovanju sitnih kolorektalnih polipa nije joÅ” potpuno utvrÄena. Namjera ovoga ispitivanja bila je utvrditi može li se kombinacijom standardne video-kolonoskopije i bojanja indigo crvenom bojom razlikovati adenomatozne od neadenomatoznih kolorektalnih polipa manjih od 5 mm. Kolonoskopija uz primjenu video sustava Olympus EVIS 140 izvedena je u 42 bolesnika u kojih su naÄeni kolorektalni polipi manji od 5 mm. Polipi su poprskani 0,5%-tnom indigo crvenom bojom u koliÄini do 40 mL, izvedena je polipektomija i provedena histoloÅ”ka analiza. U 42 bolesnika ukljuÄenih u ispitivanje naÄeno je 48 polipa manjih od 5 mm. HistoloÅ”ka analiza pokazala je postojanje 14 adenomatoznih i 34 neadenomatoznih polipa. Endoskopist je ispravno predvidio histoloÅ”ki nalaz u 12 od 14 (85,7%) adenomatoznih, te u 31 od 34 (91,2%) neadenomatoznih kolorektalnih sitnih polipa.Osjetljivost, specifiÄnost, pozitivna prediktivna vrijednost i negativna prediktivna vrijednost standardne video-kromokolonoskopije u razlikovanju adenomatoznih od neadenomatoznih polipa manjih od 5 mm bile su 85,7%, 91,2%, 80%, odnosno 93,9%. Omjer vjerojatnosti (LR) iznosio je 0,157 (LR-) i 9,74 (LR+). Standardna video-kolonoskopija u kombinaciji s indigo crvenom bojom pouzdana je metoda za razlikovanje adenomatoznih od neadenomatoznih kolorektalnih polipa manjih od 5 mm. Ovakvom bi se tehnikom mogli smanjiti zahtjevi za nepotrebnim biopsijama i opetovanim kolonoskopijama, te tako znaÄajno sniziti troÅ”kovi probiranja na kolorektalni karcinom
Uloga standardne video-kromokolonoskopije u razlikovanju adenomatoznih od neadenomatoznih sitnih kolorektalnih polipa
To date, there are no reliable endoscopic criteria to discriminate a diminutive (<5 mm) colorectal adenomatous from nonadenomatous polyps. Studies have demonstrated the usefulness of high-resolution chromoendoscopy (high-resolution colonoscopy with topically applied indigo carmine dye) in discrimination of adenomatous from nonadenomatous colorectal polyps. However, the clinical utility of standard videocolonoscopy and chromoscopy with indigo carmine dye in differentiating diminutive colorectal polyps has not yet been completely defined. The aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of standard videocolonoscopy and staining with indigo carmine dye could differentiate between adenomatous and nonadenomatous colorectal polyps smaller than 5 mm. Colonoscopy by use of an Olympus EVIS 140 video system was performed in 42 patients in whom colorectal polyps smaller than 5 mm were found. Polyps were sprayed with up to 40 ml of 0.5% indigo carmine dye, and polypectomy was performed, and the material was referred for histology. In 42 patients included in the study, 48 polyps sized <5 mm were detected. Histologic analysis showed 14 of them to be adenomatous and 34 nonadenomatous polyps. Endoscopist\u27s diagnosis was confirmed by histology in 12 of 14 (85.7%) adenomatous and 31 of 34 (91.2%) nonadenomatous colorectal diminutive polyps. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of standard videochromocolonoscopy in distinguishing between adenomatous and nonadenomatous polyps sized <5 mm were 85.7%, 91.2%, 80% and 93.9%, respectively. The likelihood ratios (LR) were 0.157 (LR-) and 9.74 (LR+). In conclusion, standard videocolonoscopy combined with indigo carmine dye is a reliable method to differentiate adenomatous from nonadenomatous colorectal polyps sized <5 mm. Such a technique could limit the requests for unnecessary biopsies and repeat colonoscopy, thus significantly reducing the cost of colorectal cancer screening.Danas ne postoje pouzdani endoskopski kriteriji koji bi razlikovali sitne (<5 mm) kolorektalne adenomatozne od
neadenomatoznih polipa. Ranije su studije pokazale korisnu uporabu visoko-rezolucijske kromoendoskopije (visoko-rezolucijska kolonoskopija s topiÄkom primjenom indigo crvene boje) u razlikovanju adenomatoznih od neadenomatoznih kolorektalnih polipa. Ipak, kliniÄka upotreba standardne video-kolonoskopije i kromoskopije s indigo crvenom bojom u razlikovanju sitnih kolorektalnih polipa nije joÅ” potpuno utvrÄena. Namjera ovoga ispitivanja bila je utvrditi može li se kombinacijom standardne video-kolonoskopije i bojanja indigo crvenom bojom razlikovati adenomatozne od neadenomatoznih kolorektalnih polipa manjih od 5 mm. Kolonoskopija uz primjenu video sustava Olympus EVIS 140 izvedena je u 42 bolesnika u kojih su naÄeni kolorektalni polipi manji od 5 mm. Polipi su poprskani 0,5%-tnom indigo crvenom bojom u koliÄini do 40 mL, izvedena je polipektomija i provedena histoloÅ”ka analiza. U 42 bolesnika ukljuÄenih u ispitivanje naÄeno je 48 polipa manjih od 5 mm. HistoloÅ”ka analiza pokazala je postojanje 14 adenomatoznih i 34 neadenomatoznih polipa. Endoskopist je ispravno predvidio histoloÅ”ki nalaz u 12 od 14 (85,7%) adenomatoznih, te u 31 od 34 (91,2%) neadenomatoznih kolorektalnih sitnih polipa.Osjetljivost, specifiÄnost, pozitivna prediktivna vrijednost i negativna prediktivna vrijednost standardne video-kromokolonoskopije u razlikovanju adenomatoznih od neadenomatoznih polipa manjih od 5 mm bile su 85,7%, 91,2%, 80%, odnosno 93,9%. Omjer vjerojatnosti (LR) iznosio je 0,157 (LR-) i 9,74 (LR+). Standardna video-kolonoskopija u kombinaciji s indigo crvenom bojom pouzdana je metoda za razlikovanje adenomatoznih od neadenomatoznih kolorektalnih polipa manjih od 5 mm. Ovakvom bi se tehnikom mogli smanjiti zahtjevi za nepotrebnim biopsijama i opetovanim kolonoskopijama, te tako znaÄajno sniziti troÅ”kovi probiranja na kolorektalni karcinom
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: radiological or ultrasonographic diagnostics?
U studiji smo analizirali ultrazvuÄne nalaze 73 bolesnika upuÄena na pregled zbog sumnje na hipertrofiÄnu stenozu pilorusa. U 44 od 45 bolesnika s pozitivnim operacijskim nalazom ultrazvuÄna dijagnoza bila je toÄna, uz samo 1 lažno negativan nalaz. U najveÄeg broja bolesnika - 32 (72 ,7%) debljina miÅ”iÄa pilorusa bila je 4.4 do 6.2 mm, u 8 (18.2%) 3.6 - 4.3 mm, a samo u 4 (9.1%) nakon ultrazvuÄne pretrage uÄinjena je i barijeva studija gastroduodenuma zbog graniÄnih vrijednosti debljine piloriÄng miÅ”iÄa (3.3 -3.5 mm), koja je potvrdila hipertrofiÄnu stenozu pilorusa u jednog, a iskljuÄila u dva bolesnika. U svihbolesnika s pozitivnom dijagnozom debljina piloriÄnog miÅ”iÄa bila je najmanje 1.5 puta veÄa od debljine miÅ”iÄa mjerene u podruÄju antruma želuca. SpecifiÄnost ultrazvuka u dijagnosticiraju hipertrofiÄne stenoze pilorusa je prema naÅ”oj studiji 89%, a osjetljivost 98%. Rezultati naÅ”e studije potvrÄuju da ultrazvuk treba koristiti kao metodu izbora u dijagnostici hipertrofiÄne stenoze pilorusa.In the study we analysed ultrasound (US) findings of 73 patients suspected of having hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). In 44 out of 45 patients with positive US findings, HPS was surgically confirmed. In most of those patients (32, i. e. 72 .7%) , pyloric muscle thickness was 4.4 -6 .2 mm, in 8 (18.2%) it was 3 .6-4.3 m and only in 4 (9 .1%) patients we performed barium study due to doubtful values of pyloric muscle thickness on US (3.3 -3.5 mm); barium study confirmed HPS in one patient and excluded it in two . The pyloric muscle thickness in all patients with HPS was 1.5 time s thicker compared to antral muscle thickness. Ultrasound sensitivity was 89%, and specificity 98%. Based on the results of our study, ultrasound examination of the pylorus has proven to be highly recommendable as a routine first method of choice in the diagnosis of HPS
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: radiological or ultrasonographic diagnostics?
U studiji smo analizirali ultrazvuÄne nalaze 73 bolesnika upuÄena na pregled zbog sumnje na hipertrofiÄnu stenozu pilorusa. U 44 od 45 bolesnika s pozitivnim operacijskim nalazom ultrazvuÄna dijagnoza bila je toÄna, uz samo 1 lažno negativan nalaz. U najveÄeg broja bolesnika - 32 (72 ,7%) debljina miÅ”iÄa pilorusa bila je 4.4 do 6.2 mm, u 8 (18.2%) 3.6 - 4.3 mm, a samo u 4 (9.1%) nakon ultrazvuÄne pretrage uÄinjena je i barijeva studija gastroduodenuma zbog graniÄnih vrijednosti debljine piloriÄng miÅ”iÄa (3.3 -3.5 mm), koja je potvrdila hipertrofiÄnu stenozu pilorusa u jednog, a iskljuÄila u dva bolesnika. U svihbolesnika s pozitivnom dijagnozom debljina piloriÄnog miÅ”iÄa bila je najmanje 1.5 puta veÄa od debljine miÅ”iÄa mjerene u podruÄju antruma želuca. SpecifiÄnost ultrazvuka u dijagnosticiraju hipertrofiÄne stenoze pilorusa je prema naÅ”oj studiji 89%, a osjetljivost 98%. Rezultati naÅ”e studije potvrÄuju da ultrazvuk treba koristiti kao metodu izbora u dijagnostici hipertrofiÄne stenoze pilorusa.In the study we analysed ultrasound (US) findings of 73 patients suspected of having hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). In 44 out of 45 patients with positive US findings, HPS was surgically confirmed. In most of those patients (32, i. e. 72 .7%) , pyloric muscle thickness was 4.4 -6 .2 mm, in 8 (18.2%) it was 3 .6-4.3 m and only in 4 (9 .1%) patients we performed barium study due to doubtful values of pyloric muscle thickness on US (3.3 -3.5 mm); barium study confirmed HPS in one patient and excluded it in two . The pyloric muscle thickness in all patients with HPS was 1.5 time s thicker compared to antral muscle thickness. Ultrasound sensitivity was 89%, and specificity 98%. Based on the results of our study, ultrasound examination of the pylorus has proven to be highly recommendable as a routine first method of choice in the diagnosis of HPS
Ultrasound contrast cystography with contrast enhanced software in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux
Razvojem tehnologije specifiÄnog softvera osjetljivog na kontrast i uvoÄenjem ultrazvuÄnog kontrastnog sredstva mikcijska ultrazvuÄna cistografija postala je rutinska metoda u dijagnostici vezikoureteralnog refluksa u djeÄjoj dobi. Mnoge studije pokazuju da je osjetljivost ove metode veÄa u usporedbi s mikcijskom cistouretrografijom, a vrlo bitna prednost je izostanak koriÅ”tenja ionizirajuÄeg zraÄenja. Posljednjih je godina sve viÅ”a svijest o potencijalnim Å”tetnim uÄincima izloženosti ionizirajuÄem zraÄenju kod nekih dijagnostiÄkih slikovnih postupaka u djeÄjoj dobi. U Älanku prikazujemo naÄin izvoÄenja i karakteristike mikcijske ultrazvuÄne cistografije uz upotrebu softvera osjetljivog na kontrast te analiziramo prednosti i nedostatke u odnosu na druge dijagnostiÄke metode koje se koriste u dijagnostici vezikoureteralnog refluksa.Ultrasound contrast cystography has become a routine method in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children due to the development of contrast-specific software technology and the introduction of second generation ultrasound contrast. Many studies have shown that this method is more sensitive than voiding cystourethrography but the most important advantage is the lack of use of ionizing radiation. In recent years there is higher awareness of the potential harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation in certain diagnostic imaging procedures in children. This article explains characteristics of ultrasound contrast cystography and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages compared to other diagnostic methods used in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux
Current approach to nocturnal enuresis in children
Primarna noÄna enureza je Äest poremeÄaj u djeÄjoj dobi. Etiologija joj je multifaktorska, uz jaku genetiÄku predispoziciju, u uzrocima
dominiraju noÄna poliurija, manji funkcionalni kapacitet mokraÄnog mjehura i djetetov Ävrst san. Novija istraživanja pokazuju da
psihiÄke promjene nisu uzrok, veÄ posljedica noÄne enureze. UzevÅ”i u obzir fi zioloÅ”ko sazrijevanje i uzroke, danas se preporuÄa aktivno
lijeÄenje noÄnog mokrenja nakon navrÅ”ene pete godine života. U Älanku su iznesene dosadaÅ”nje spoznaje o etiologiji primarne
noÄne enureze u djece, kao i o dijagnostici i suvremenim terapijskim metodama.Primary nocturnal enuresis is a common disorder in childhood. The etiology is multifactorial with a strong genetic predisposition. Most
common causes are nocturnal polyuria, decreased functional capacity of the bladder and disorder of arousal from sleep. Recent
studies show that psychological changes are not the cause, but the consequence of nocturnal enuresis. Given the physiological maturation
and causes, today is advised active treatment of nocturnal enuresis after the age of fi ve. This paper summarizes the current
knowledge about the etiology of primary nocturnal enuresis in children, as well as diagnostics and current therapeutic approaches
Videourodynamics combined with contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography ā a new method in pediatric nephro-urology
Cilj ovog rada je prikazati videourodinamiku kombiniranu s kontrastnom mikcijskom urosonografi jom koja se primjenjuje u naŔoj
ustanovi otprije 4 godine. Metoda se ne služi ionizirajuÄim zraÄenjem i visoko je senzitivna za prikaz vezikoureteralnog refl uksa. Tijekom
pretrage simultano se procjenjuje funkcija donjeg mokraÄnog sustava, prisutnost i stupanj refl uksa te intravezikalni tlakovi i
volumeni kod kojih se refl uks javlja, Å”to je važno u planiranju lijeÄenja kao i u davanju prognoze. U radu analiziramo prednosti i nedostatke
ove metode u odnosu na onu standardnu rengensku i opisujemo tehniku izvoÄenja.The aim of this paper is to show videourodynamics combined with contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography, which has been
used at our institution for four years now. This method does not use ionizing radiation and is highly sensitive for vesicoureteral refl ux.
During examination, we can simultaneously monitor function of the lower urinary tract, the presence and degree of refl ux, intravesical
pressure and the volume at which refl ux occurs, all of these being important for planning of treatment and providing prognosis.
We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this method compared to standard x-ray, and describe the technique of
examination