Spectrophotometric estimation of nitro tyrosine by azo-coupling reaction

3-Nitrotyrosine has been identified using techniques like immunohistochemistry, HPLC, GCMS to demonstrate as a relevant biomarker in various disorders such as neurological, cardiovascular and others. Estimation of 3-NT by spectrophotometric method has been performed to measure 3-NT over decades. However none of the above methods have been translated to diagnose the diseases, but pathological conditions. Therefore here is an attempt to develop a method to be employed as a diagnostic tool. Current work is focussed on including preparation of 3-NT and further to derivatives using β-Napthol to yield diazotised product. All these intermediates of diazotized products have been characterized by ESI MS and the final colored dye was measured spectrophotometrically which exhibits λ max at 551 nm. The dye has been measured and compared with the direct measurement of 3-NT. The sensitivity of measurement of 3-NT increases by 10 fold, by and large we can estimate 20 μM concentration of 3-NT

Feasibility Study of a Facility to Produce Injection Molded Parts for Automotive Industry

[EN] This study aims at the preliminary assessment in designing a complete stand-alone industrial facility to produce injection molded parts for the automotive industry. A draft design solution to allow the company to evaluate the capital investment was performed giving an estimated solution in project profitability. Proposed successive design steps were developed. It includes the definition of input data and information, quantity determination, plat layout diagrams, machine selection, selection of material handling equipment, plant layout design including space requirements of production centers, aísles, support functions. Moreover, the outdoor facility masterplan design is also proposed. Finally, investment calculation via cash flow analysis is calculated.Yudianto, A.; Tan, H.; Qu, Z.; Xue, Q.; Naveen, A.; Mushtaq, M.; Gopi, K. (2020). Feasibility Study of a Facility to Produce Injection Molded Parts for Automotive Industry. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 8(1):45-57. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2020.12360455781Al-Aomar, R. (2006). Capacity-constrained production scheduling of multiple vehicle programs in automotive pilot plant. International Journal of Production Research, 44(13), 2573-2604. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540500521212Cagliano, A. C., Chiabert, P. (2018). Plant and manufacturing system lecture notes. Politecnico di Torino, Italy.Chingua, S. Nyemba, W. R., Boora, K., Mbohwa, C. (2019). Feasibility study of the materials handling and development of a sustainable conveying system in plastics recycling and manufacture. Procedia Manufacturing, 33, 383-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.04.047Derhami, S., Smith, J. S., Gue, K. R. (2019). Space-efficient layouts for block stacking warehouse. IISE Transaction, 51(9), 957-971. https://doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2018.1539280Eksangsri, T., Jaiwang, T. (2014). Feasibility study on reuse of washed water in electronic industry: case study for flexible printed circuit board manufacturing in Thailand. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 20, 206-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.027Fu, M., Kaku, B. K. (1997). Minimizing work-in-process and material handling in the facilities layout problem. IIE Transactions, 29, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/07408179708966309Halil, F. M., Nasir, N. M., Hassan, A. A., Shukur, A. S. (2016). Feasibility study and economic assessment in green building projects. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.176Hazaras, M. J., Swartz, C. L. E., Marlin, T. E. (2013). Industrial application of a continuous-time scheduling framework for process analysis and improvement. I&EC research Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53, 259-273. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie4006904Hwang, D. K., Cho, K., Moon, J. (2019). Feasibility study on energy audit and data driven analysis procedure for building energy efficiency: bench-marking in Korean hospital buildings. Journal Energy 12(15), 3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12153006Jung, S., Ng, D., Ovalle, C. D., Roman, R, V., Mannan, M. S. (2011). New approach to optimizing the facility sitting and layout for fire and explosion scenarios. I&EC research Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50, 3928-3937. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie101367gKingenberg, W., Boksma, J. D. (2010). A conceptual framework for outsourcing of material handling activities in automotive: differentiation and implementation. International Journal of Production Research, 48(16), 4877-4899. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540903067177Kovàcs, G. (2019). Layout design for efficiency improvement and cost reduction. Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech., 67(3), 547-555. https://doi.org/10.24425%2Fbpasts.2019.129653Ma, T., Yang, H., Lu. L., Qi, R. (2017). Feasibility study of developing a zero-carbon-emission green deck in Hong Kong. Energy Procedia 105, 1155-1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.487Morgan, B., Hejdenberg, J., Krapels, S. H., Amstrong, D. (2018). DO feasibility studies contribute to, or avoid, waste in research? PLos ONE 13(4), e0195951. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195951Pòvoa, A. P. B., (2002). Optimal design and layout of industrial facilities: a simultaneous approach. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 41, 3601-3609. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie010660sSchaller, J. (2008). Incorporating cellular manufacturing into supply chain design. International Journal of Production Research, 46(17), 4925-4945. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540701348761Stephens, M. P., Meyers, F. E., (2013). Manufacturing facilities design and material handling - fifth edition. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana.Sun, L., Luan, F., Pian, J. (2015). An effective approach for scheduling of refining process with uncertain iterations in steel-making and continuous casting process. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 48(3), 1966-1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.376Yang, Z., Djurdjanovic, D., Ni, J. (2007). Maintenance scheduling for a manufacturing system of machines with adjustable throughput. IIE Transactions, 39, 1111-1125. https://doi.org/10.1080/0740817070131533

Syntheses, characterizations, and antimicrobial activities of binuclear ruthenium(III) complexes containing 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives

Binuclear ruthenium(III) complexes RuX3L2· nH2O (X=Cl, L=L1, L2, L3; n=1, L4 and L5, X=Br; L=L3), RuX3L 1.52·nH2O (X=Br, L=L1; n=0, L4; n=6 and L5; n=10), and RuX3L 22 (X=Br, L=L2) have been isolated by treatment of hydrated RuX3 (X=Cl/Br) in acetone with 2-(2â²-aminophenylbenzimidazole) (L1), 2-(3â²- aminophenylbenzimidazole) (L2), 2-(3â²-N-salicylidinephenyl) benzimidazole (L3), 2-(3â²-pyridylbenzimidazole) (L 4), and 2-(4â²-pyridylbenzimidazole) (L5) in acetone. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, electronic, EPR, and mass spectral studies. The complexes were dimeric; based on analytical and spectral studies, an octahedral geometry was proposed for the complexes. The synthesized complexes were screened against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. © 2012 Taylor & Francis

In silico and pharmacokinetics of para-nitrophenylphosphate substrate for calcineurin

Calcineurin is a calcium dependent protein ser/thr phosphatase. The assay of this enzyme has been done by using various substrates since it has shown promising evidences to act upon para-nitrophenylphosphate (p-'PP) and many phosphopeptide analogues as well. But none of the methods are as reliable as far sensitivity of the method is concerned. To address the assay method for the Calcineurin, we have isolated and partially purified the enzyme from the bovine brain and employed substrate like p-'PP with two different metal ions (Calcium and Manganese). We have established the binding affinity studies by using enzyme kinetics. The binding affinity of p-'PP against particular metal ion shows the better metal activator and substrate for the enzyme. The affinity in presence of calcium for the substrates p-'PP is found to be Km= 0.48 mM. The affinity in presence of manganese for the substrates p-'PP, is found to be Km= 0.77 mM. At the same time we have used Autodock 3.05 for minimal binding energy calculations for the p-'PP, the 1st cluster which had the maximum number of runs (30) reported mean dock energy of -4.24 kcal / mol. We conclude from the study that p-'PP has more affinity toward the calcineurin in presence of Calcium than Manganese. Copyright© (2010) by the International Society for Research in Science and Technology

A novel assay method for calcium calmodulin dependent phosphatase from bovine brain extract

Calcium calmodulin dependent protein ser/thr phosphatase, also referred to as protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B), is rich in neural tissue, and plays an important role in the overall function of the nervous system. Routinely phosphatase assay employs, para-Nitrophenlylphosphate (p-NPP), as a substrate, is also extended to assay PP2B. However, in the present study, the differential spectral characterstic property of tyrosine and phopshotyrosine has been exploited to employ the latter as a candidate substrate for the PP2B assay. The specific activity of PP2B using phosphortyrosine in bovine Bos Taurus indicus brain extract (Bos Taurus indicus), was measured in presence of different metal ions like Ca2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+. Further modulators like dithiothreitol (DTT), calmodulin (CaM) and metal chelators such as EGTA and EDTA were applied to confirm the role of divalent cations and to determine calcium calmodulin dependent phoshphatase activity. PP2B activity was higher with phosphotyrosine in presence of Ca2+ than with p-NPP. Further experiments, involving calmodulin as a modulator, confirmed phosphotyrosine as a better substrate over p-NPP. Calmodulin further enhanced the effect of phosphotyrosine as a potential substrate confirming calcium calmodulin dependent phosphatase activity. Phosphotyrosine is proposed as a better substrate in assaying calcium dependent phosphatase activity when compared to para-nitrophenylphosphate

In silico binding affinity study of calcineurin inhibitors to calcineurin and its close associates

Calcineurin (CN) is a calcium regulated serine/threonine protein phosphatase. It is known to be inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK506), endothall (ENDO), microcystin (MCYST), okadaic acid (OA) and trifluoperazine (TFP). CsA and FK506 are known inhibitors, which inhibit CN by binding to cyclophilin A (CyPA) and FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12), to form CsA-CyPA and FKBP12-FK506 complexes, respectively. These complex molecules finally bind to CN to inhibit its phosphatase activity. The mode of action of the inhibitors and their binding affinity to CN's subunits and close associates is not very clear. The current study is to dock CN subunits, such as, calcineurin A (CNA), calcineurin B (CNB) and calcineurin AB (CNAB), with known inhibitors as well as close associates of CN like calmodulin (CaM), FKBP12 and CyPA. This was done using Autodock Vina to evaluate their binding free energy (DG) and binding affinities. The results suggest that inhibition can be brought about by either directly binding to CN and its subunits or associates. The binding affinity of known inhibitors of CN is given as follows: OA>TFP>MCYST>FK506>CsA>ENDO. These inhibitors exhibit very low docked free energy not only with associates of CN, but also with CN subunits. These binding free energies suggest that inhibitors of CN and its associates have different binding affinities and also could exhibit complex inhibition rather than a direct inhibition of CN through a single mechanism