1,238 research outputs found
Feedback control optimisation of ESR experiments
Numerically optimised microwave pulses are used to increase excitation
efficiency and modulation depth in electron spin resonance experiments
performed on a spectrometer equipped with an arbitrary waveform generator. The
optimisation procedure is sample-specific and reminiscent of the magnet
shimming process used in the early days of nuclear magnetic resonance -- an
objective function (for example, echo integral in a spin echo experiment) is
defined and optimised numerically as a function of the pulse waveform vector
using noise-resilient gradient-free methods. We found that the resulting shaped
microwave pulses achieve higher excitation bandwidth and better echo modulation
depth than the pulse shapes used as the initial guess. Although the method is
theoretically less sophisticated than simulation based quantum optimal control
techniques, it has the advantage of being free of the linear response
approximation; rapid electron spin relaxation also means that the optimisation
takes only a few seconds. This makes the procedure fast, convenient, and easy
to use. An important application of this method is at the final stage of the
implementation of theoretically designed pulse shapes: compensation of pulse
distortions introduced by the instrument. The performance is illustrated using
spin echo and out-of-phase electron spin echo envelope modulation experiments.
Interface code between Bruker SpinJet arbitrary waveform generator and Matlab
is included in versions 2.2 and later of the Spinach library
Adaptive optimal control of entangled qubits
Developing fast, robust, and accurate methods for optimal control of quantum systems comprising interacting particles is one of the most active areas of current science. Although a valuable repository of algorithms is available for numerical applications in quantum control, the high computational cost is somewhat overlooked. Here, we present a fast and accurate optimal control algorithm for systems of interacting qubits, QOALA (quantum optimal control by adaptive low-cost algorithm), which is predicted to offer [Formula: see text] (M(2)) speedup for an M-qubit system, compared to the state-of-the-art exact methods, without compromising overall accuracy of the optimal solution. The method is general and compatible with diverse Hamiltonian structures. The proposed approach uses inexpensive low-accuracy approximations of propagators far from the optimum, adaptively switching to higher accuracy, higher-cost propagators when approaching the optimum. In addition, the utilization of analytical Lie algebraic derivatives that do not require computationally expensive matrix exponential brings even better performance
SORDOR pulses: expansion of the Böhlen–Bodenhausen scheme for low-power broadband magnetic resonance
A novel type of efficient broadband pulse, called second-order phase dispersion by optimised rotation (SORDOR), has recently been introduced. In contrast to adiabatic excitation, SORDOR-90 pulses provide effective transverse 90∘ rotations throughout their bandwidth, with a quadratic offset dependence of the phase in the x,y plane. Together with phase-matched SORDOR-180 pulses, this enables the Böhlen–Bodenhausen broadband refocusing approach for linearly frequency-swept pulses to be extended to any type of 90/180 pulse–delay sequence. Example pulse shapes are characterised in theory and experiment, and an example application is given with a F-PROJECT experiment for measuring relaxation times with reduced distortions due to J-coupling evolution
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