26,805 research outputs found
NLS Bifurcations on the bowtie combinatorial graph and the dumbbell metric graph
We consider the bifurcations of standing wave solutions to the nonlinear
Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) posed on a quantum graph consisting of two loops
connected by a single edge, the so-called dumbbell, recently studied by
Marzuola and Pelinovsky. The authors of that study found the ground state
undergoes two bifurcations, first a symmetry-breaking, and the second which
they call a symmetry-preserving bifurcation. We clarify the type of the
symmetry-preserving bifurcation, showing it to be transcritical. We then reduce
the question, and show that the phenomena described in that paper can be
reproduced in a simple discrete self-trapping equation on a combinatorial graph
of bowtie shape. This allows for complete analysis both by geometric methods
and by parameterizing the full solution space. We then expand the question, and
describe the bifurcations of all the standing waves of this system, which can
be classified into three families, and of which there exists a countably
infinite set
Chaotic scattering in solitary wave interactions: A singular iterated-map description
We derive a family of singular iterated maps--closely related to Poincare
maps--that describe chaotic interactions between colliding solitary waves. The
chaotic behavior of such solitary wave collisions depends on the transfer of
energy to a secondary mode of oscillation, often an internal mode of the pulse.
Unlike previous analyses, this map allows one to understand the interactions in
the case when this mode is excited prior to the first collision. The map is
derived using Melnikov integrals and matched asymptotic expansions and
generalizes a ``multi-pulse'' Melnikov integral and allows one to find not only
multipulse heteroclinic orbits, but exotic periodic orbits. The family of maps
derived exhibits singular behavior, including regions of infinite winding. This
problem is shown to be a singular version of the conservative Ikeda map from
laser physics and connections are made with problems from celestial mechanics
and fluid mechanics.Comment: 29 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Chaos, higher-resolution figures
available at author's website: http://m.njit.edu/goodman/publication
Geographic variability in Calligrapha verrucosa (Suffrian 1858), a willow-feeding leaf beetle from western North America(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
A diagnosis is provided to separate Calligrapha verrucosa (Suffrian) from similar species. Geographic variability is described and illustrated for various populations of C. verrucosa. A map is provided to indicate the distribution of this species
Universal entanglement concentration
We propose a new protocol of \textit{universal} entanglement concentration,
which converts many copies of an \textit{unknown} pure state to an \textit{%
exact} maximally entangled state. The yield of the protocol, which is outputted
as a classical information, is probabilistic, and achives the entropy rate with
high probability, just as non-universal entanglement concentration protocols
do.
Our protocol is optimal among all similar protocols in terms of wide
varieties of measures either up to higher orders or non-asymptotically,
depending on the choice of the measure. The key of the proof of optimality is
the following fact, which is a consequence of the symmetry-based construction
of the protocol: For any invariant measures, optimal protocols are found out in
modifications of the protocol only in its classical output, or the claim on the
product.
We also observe that the classical part of the output of the protocol gives a
natural estimate of the entropy of entanglement, and prove that that estimate
achieves the better asymptotic performance than any other (potentially global)
measurements.Comment: Revised a lot, especially proofs, though no change in theorems,
lemmas itself. Very long, but essential part is from Sec.I to Sec IV-C. Some
of the appendces are almost independent of the main bod
Interaction of sine-Gordon kinks with defects: The two-bounce resonance
A model of soliton-defect interactions in the sine-Gordon equations is
studied using singular perturbation theory. Melnikov theory is used to derive a
critical velocity for strong interactions, which is shown to be exponentially
small for weak defects. Matched asymptotic expansions for nearly heteroclinic
orbits are constructed for the initial value problem, which are then used to
derive analytical formulas for the locations of the well known two- and
three-bounce resonance windows, as well as several other phenomena seen in
numerical simulations.Comment: 26 pages, 17 figure
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