The Comparison of vaginal cream of mixing yogurt, honey and clotrimazole on symptoms of vaginal candidiasis

BACKGROUND: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is known as one of the most common fungal infection among women of reproductive age and considered as an important public health problem. In recent years, due to resistance to common antifungal medication, the use of traditional medicine of anti-fungal and herbal treatment increased. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the effects of vaginal cream, mixture of yogurt and honey and comparing it with clotrimazole vaginal cream on symptoms of Vulvovaginal candidiasis in patients. METHODS: In this randomized, triple blind clinical trial of 70 non-pregnant women infected with Candidal vulvovaginitis were placed in two groups of Vaginal cream mixed of yogurt and honey recipients (N=35) and clotrimazole vaginal cream (N=35). Both groups were treated for 7 days. At the beginning of study, Clinical and laboratory signs and symptoms were registered 7 and 14 days after treatment by questionnaire, observation form and secretions culture results. Data by chi-square test, t test, McNemar tests were analyzed by SPSS version 21. Significance level of 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: The result of present study reveals the significant differences in symptom improvement of ' yogurt and honey, than clotrimazole group (P0.05) CONCLUSION: This study indicated that he therapeutic effects of vaginal cream, yogurt and honey is not only similar with clotrimazole vaginal cream but more effective in relieving some symptoms of vaginal candidiasis. Therefore, the use of this product can be suggested as an herbal remedy for candida infection treatment

Trans- Obturator Tape (TOT) efficacy in management of stress urinary incontinence and the impact on quality of life: A study in 54 patients

Background: Stress urinary incontinence is a major confounding factor which impairs health quality in women. Some procedures cannot resolve it's impact on life quality. This study aims to assess a less common and newly method; use of transobturator tension- free vaginal tapes (TOT) in regard to short- term and long-term morbidity and impact on patient's quality of life (QOL). Methods: Fifty four patients diagnosed with urinary stress incontinence, underwent a transobturator tension free vaginal tape procedure with or whitout prolapse surgery. Pre and post operative quality of life assessed with Incontinence- specific Quality of Life questionnaire (I-QOL), and objective and subjective cure rate according to patients signs and symptoms before operation, early and late surgical complications like hemorrhage, Injury and/ or perforation of bladder, intestine, urethra and infection were mentioned. Results: The overall intraoperative and early post-operative complication rates were 5.5 and 3.7, respectively. No case of hematoma, bladder or bowel injury was seen. I-QOL scores were significantly higher after surgery. The mean I-QOL score were 23.6 and 64 before and after surgery respectively (p<0.0001). This improvement was independent of the concomitant pelvic floor repair surgery, menopause, underlying diseases, number of parity, body mass index (BMI) and age. The global rate of objective cure was 94.4 (p<0.0001). The majority of women were satisfied with the outcome. (subjective cure was 90.7- p<0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the TOT approach in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence is a safe and effective procedure which promotes health quality of life

Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, APOE, and baseline cognitive status

Supporting Information is available online at: https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dad2.12404#support-information-section .Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Introduction: Despite the association of vitamin D deficiency with incident dementia, the role of supplementation is unclear. We prospectively explored associations between vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia in 12,388 dementia-free persons from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Methods: Baseline exposure to vitamin D was considered D+; no exposure prior to dementia onset was considered D−. Kaplan–Meier curves compared dementia-free survival between groups. Cox models assessed dementia incidence rates across groups, adjusted for age, sex, education, race, cognitive diagnosis, depression, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4. Sensitivity analyses examined incidence rates for each vitamin D formulation. Potential interactions between exposure and model covariates were explored. Results: Across all formulations, vitamin D exposure was associated with significantly longer dementia-free survival and lower dementia incidence rate than no exposure (hazard ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.65). The effect of vitamin D on incidence rate differed significantly across the strata of sex, cognitive status, and APOE ε4 status. Discussion: Vitamin D may be a potential agent for dementia prevention. Highlights: * In a prospective cohort study, we assessed effects of Vitamin D on dementia incidence in 12,388 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset. * Vitamin D exposure was associated with 40% lower dementia incidence versus no exposure. * Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in females versus males and in normal cognition versus mild cognitive impairment. * Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in apolipoprotein E ε4 non-carriers versus carriers. * Vitamin D has potential for dementia prevention, especially in the high-risk strata.The NACC database is funded by NIA/NIH grant U24-AG072122. NACC data are contributed by the NIA-funded ADRCs: P30-AG019610 (PI Eric Reiman, MD), P30-AG013846 (PI Neil Kowall, MD), P50-AG008702 (PI Scott Small, MD), P50-AG025688 (PI Allan Levey, MD, PhD), P50-AG047266 (PI Todd Golde, MD, PhD), P30-AG010133 (PI Andrew Saykin, PsyD), P50-AG005146 (PI Marilyn Albert, PhD), P50-AG005134 (PI Bradley Hyman, MD, PhD), P50-AG016574 (PI Ronald Petersen, MD, PhD), P50-AG005138 (PI Mary Sano, PhD), P30-AG008051 (PI Thomas Wisniewski, MD), P30-AG013854 (PI Robert Vassar, PhD), P30-AG008017 (PI Jeffrey Kaye, MD), P30AG010161 (PI David Bennett, MD), P50 AG047-366 (PI Victor Henderson, MD, MS), P30-AG010129 (PI Charles DeCarli, MD), P50-AG016573 (PI Frank LaFerla, PhD), P50-AG005131 (PI James Brewer, MD, PhD), P50-AG023501 (PI Bruce Miller, MD), P30-AG035982 (PI Russell Swerdlow, MD), P30-AG028383 (PI Linda Van Eldik, PhD), P30-AG053760 (PI Henry Paulson, MD, PhD), P30-AG010124 (PI John Trojanowski, MD, PhD), P50-AG005133 (PI Oscar Lopez, MD), P50-AG005142 (PI Helena Chui, MD), P30-AG012300 (PI Roger Rosenberg, MD), P30-AG049638 (PI Suzanne Craft, PhD), P50-AG005136 (PI Thomas Grabowski, MD), P50-AG033514 (PI Sanjay Asthana, MD, FRCP), P50-AG005681 (PI John Morris, MD), P50-AG047270 (PI Stephen Strittmatter, MD, PhD). Zahinoor Ismail is by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (BCA2633). Maryam Ghahremani is supported by the Mathison Centre Postdoctoral Fellowship in Mental Health at the University of Calgary, Canada. This study was supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Exeter Biomedical Research Centre

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with hydatid cysts in Khorasan Razavi Province, from 2011 to 2014

Background: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with hydatid cyst during 2011 to 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khorasan Razavi Prov-ince, the Northeast of Iran, from 2011 to 2014. The study population was all cases with hydatid cyst who diagnosed in governmental and private laboratories, hospitals and health centers (HC) in Khorasan Razavi Province during 2011-14. Results: The prevalence rate of hydatidosis was 1.44 per 100000 individuals. Of 357 cases, 54.9 were women, 40.3 rural, 45.8 housewives, and 3.4 were Afghan. The mean age of women was higher than that of men (39.13�18.9 compared to 34.7�17.9 yr, respectively, P-value=0.025). The highest proportion of cases (39.2) was in the age group of 21-40 yr old. Abdominal pain was re-ported in 42.3 of cases. Liver involvement was the most common localization of hydatid cyst reported in 59.4 of patients, and 8.4 had multiple organ in-volvement. The common diagnosis methods of the disease were radiology (42.3) followed by CT scan (37.8). 45.9 of patients had domestic dog and hygiene principles of washing the vegetables was adhered by 6.7 of patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of human hydatidosis, as a most important neglected disease, should be considered by health policy-makers in public health domain. In addition, educational programs to better recognition of the disease symptoms, and to identify the infection sources are needed in high risk group of population. � 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved

Lie symmetry and μ-symmetry methods for nonlinear generalized Camassa–Holm equation

Abstract In this paper, a Lie symmetry method is used for the nonlinear generalized Camassa–Holm equation and as a result reduction of the order and computing the conservation laws are presented. Furthermore, μ-symmetry and μ-conservation laws of the generalized Camassa–Holm equation are obtained

Thermal assessment of nano-particulate graphene-water/ethylene glycol (WEG 60:40) nano-suspension in a compact heat exchanger

In the present study, we report the results of the experiments conducted on the convective heat transfer of graphene nano-platelets dispersed in water-ethylene glycol. The graphene nano-suspension was employed as a coolant inside a micro-channel and heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop (PD) values of the system were reported at different operating conditions. The results demonstrated that the use of graphene nano-platelets can potentially augment the thermal conductivity of the working fluid by 32.1% (at wt. % = 0.3 at 60 °C). Likewise, GNP nano-suspension promoted the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect, such that for the tests conducted within the mass fractions of 0.1%–0.3%, the HTC of the system was improved. However, a trade-off was identified between the PD value and the HTC. By assessing the thermal performance evaluation criteria (TPEC) of the system, it was identified that the thermal performance of the system increased by 21% despite a 12.1% augmentation in the PD value. Furthermore, with an increment in the fluid flow and heat-flux applied to the micro-channel, the HTC was augmented, showing the potential of the nano-suspension to be utilized in high heat-flux thermal applications.M. M. Sarafraz, Mohammad Reza Safaei, Zhe Tian, Marjan Goodarzi, Enio Pedone Bandarra Filho, and M. Arjomand

Caon serum iron level, ferritin and total iron binding capacity level among nonpregnant women with and without melasma

Background: Melasma is a common acquired disorder characterized by symmetric, hyperpigmented patches with an irregular outline, occurring most commonly on the face. It is most prevalent among young to middle-aged women. Although iron overload affects skin pigmentation, effect of iron deficiency on skin is not clear. So, we evaluated serum iron level, ferritin and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) level among nonpregnant women with and without melasma. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional case study was conducted in 2012 at university dermatologic department on 33 nonpregnant women with melasma (case) and 33 nonpregnant women without melasma (control). Serum iron level, TIBC and ferritin in the two groups was measured and compared. Results: Serum iron level was lower in the case group (85 ± 11) in comparison with control group (102 ± 9), but the difference was not significant (P: 0.9). Mean TIBC and Ferritin were higher in the case group (TIBC: 329.4 ± 29, ferritin: 6 ± 18) than the control group (TIBC: 329.3 ± 29, ferritin: 33 ± 6) without significant difference. Conclusion: Although the serum iron level was lower in nonpregnant women with mealsma, it was not significant compared with those without melasma. © 2015, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved

Drug-related mutational patterns in hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase proteins from Iranian treatment-Naïve chronic HBV patients

Background: Immunomodulators and Nucleotide analogues have been used globally for the dealing of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the development of drug resistance is a major limitation to their long-term effectiveness. Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase (RT) protein variations among Iranian chronic HBV carriers who did not receive any antiviral treatments. Materials and Methods: Hepatitis B virus partial RT genes from 325 chronic in active carrier patients were amplified and directly sequenced. Nucleotide/amino acid substitutions were identified compared to the sequences obtained from the database. Results: All strains belonging to genotype D.365 amino-acid substitutions were found. Mutations related to lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, and entecavir occurred in (YMDD) 4% (n = 13), (SVQ) 17.23% (n = 56), (M204I/V + L180M) 2.45% (n = 8) and (M204I) 2.76% (n = 9) of patients, respectively. Conclusions: RT mutants do occur naturally and could be found in HBV carriers who have never received antiviral therapy. However, mutations related to drug resistance in Iranian treatment-naïve chronic HBV patients were found to be higher than other studies published formerly. Chronic HBV patients should be monitored closely prior the commencement of therapy to achieve the best regimen option. © 2013, KOWSAR Corp

Incidence of self-reported interpersonal violence related physical injury in Iran

Background: Violence is the cause of death for 1.5 million people in a year. Objectives: Our study aimed to estimate the incidence rate of self-reported interpersonal violence related physical injury (VRPI) and its associated factors in Iran. Patients and Methods: The sample included people ranged from 15 to 64 years old who were residing in Iran. A total of 1525 clusters were selected from the whole country. Six families were selected from each cluster via a systematic random sampling method. Then, the residential units were identified and the interviewers contacted the inhabitants. In the next step, one of the family members was selected by using Kish grid method. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire and consisted of two sections; demographics and project related data. Face validity and content validity of our questionnaire were investigated based on expert opinions and the reliability was confirmed by a pilot study, as well. The inclusion criteria were considered for choosing the interviewers. An interviewer was assigned for each 42 participants (7 clusters). An educational seminar was held for the administrative managers (54 persons) and interviewers (230 persons) for a week. The field work was distributed among all 46 Medical Sciences universities in Iran. In each university, administrative issues were related to an executive director. Mann-Whitney U test and odds ratio were used to analyze the data with 95 confidence interval. α value was considered less than 5. Results: The frequency of VRPI among 7886 participants was 24 during the last three months. The incidence rate of interpersonal VRPI was estimated at 3.04 per 1000 population (95 CI: 2.66-3.42) during a three-month interval in Iran. The incidence was 4.72 per 1000 population (95 CI: 4.01-5.43) for males and 1.78 per 1000 population (95 CI: 1.39-2.17) for females during a three-month interval. The mean (SD) of age of the participants with and without a history of VRPI were 26.5 (7.21) and 33.05 (12.05) years, respectively (P = 0.008). Considering the participants� gender, 66.7 were males (OR = 2.66, 95 CI: 1.14-6.23). Khuzestan Province had the most VRPIs (25 of all VRPIs). Streets and roads were the places with the highest frequency of injury (50). The most frequent injured organ was the upper limb (54.17). The most prevalent type of injury was a superficial wound (50). Finally, the most common place of treatment was home (45.83). Conclusions: We determined the incidence rate of self-reported interpersonal VRPI for the first time in Iran based on a national survey. The injuries were more common among young men. We suggest consecutive national surveys with different data gathering methods and more sample sizes. © 2015, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Epidemiology, incidence, and mortality of leukemia in children early infancy to 14 years old of age in south-central Asia: A global ecological study

Background: The cancer was considered the second cause of death from early infancy to 14 years of age after the inadvertent damage. Also, leukemia was reported as the most common type of cancer in infants. Objectives: The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality rates of leukemia from early infancy to 14 years of age in South-Central Asia. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. In the current study, the incidence and mortality rates of leukemia in South-Central Asia were determined. The data were extracted from a Cancer Global Project in 2012 available at http://globocan.iarc.fr/Default.aspx.Results: In South-Central Asia, 1514027 cases of cancer were recorded in 2012 in which 480267 cases (3.2) were related to leukemia. The highest incidence rates of leukemia were reported for Iran, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, and Uzbekistan with the ratio of 3.6, 3.2, and 3 cases per 100000 people, respectively compared with the lowest incidence rates in Bangladesh, and Bhutan with the ratio of 0.8 and 0.9 cases per 100000 people, respectively in under14-year-old infants. Conclusions: Leukemia was reported as the most common type of cancer in infants, providing important information about possible changes of risk factors considering that its trend might help us to find critical ways so as to decrease the rate of cancer in infants. Copyright © 2019, Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics