Wages and employment in non-farm agricultural activities: a livelihood strategy in Nicaragua.

This article analyzes the indices for nonfarm agricultural activities, which combine agricultural activities with both employment and wages. They were made with panel data of the Living Measurement Standard Survey (1993, 1998, 2001 and 2005) and they were processed with econometric model as a parametric technique (Binary dependent variable model). The trend indices explain the varied combination of nonfarm and farming agricultural activities. In summary, when the economic public policy makers promote preventative measures in the labour market, we see that indices for nonfarm agricultural activities grow. In fact, small farmers use first, second and third nonfarm employment as livelihood strategies for clashing the public policy restrictive.RMEA, RMNFA, RSEA, RSENFA, RTEA, RTNFA, RMWAI, RMWNFAI, RSWAI, RSWNFAI, RTWAI, RTWNFAI, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

Comparisons of LSMS-ISA data collection and dissemination efforts in Central America

This paper was presented in The Third Wye Global Conference. The Wye City Group on Rural Statistics and Agricultural Household Income is hosting its third global conference on agricultural and rural household statistics. The conference will be hosted by the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture and is cosponsored by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Bank. Conference objectives Support the U.N. • Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics by highlighting international needs and opportunities to improve statistics on rural and farm households, and strengthen the process of collecting and disseminating statistics on rural and farm households in OECD and developing countries; and • Review and discuss revisions to the Wye Group Handbook on Rural Households’ Livelihood and Well-Being, and preparation of a Supplement to the Handbook on issues related to agricultural and rural statistics in developing countries.Panel Data, LSMS-ISA, MECOVI., Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, C83, P52, E61.,

Technical efficiency of Organic Fertilizer in small farms of Nicaragua: 1998-2005

This article applies frontier production function analysis to small farms in Nicaragua during 1998-2005 (Battese and Coelli, 1988). The objective of this study is to estimate an average function that will provide a picture of the shape of the organic fertilizer technology of an average firm (in our case, agricultural production units). Furthermore I present a best-practice of organic fertilizer against which the efficiency of the firms within the primary sector can be measured (Coelli, T: 1995). The results show an average of technical efficiency acceptable which the makers of public policy in Nicaragua must considerer for the future. It is imperative if we consider an economy activity indexes that have increased during this period.Technical Efficiency, LSMS, Organic Fertilizer, Small Farm, Panel Data, Agribusiness, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis,

The Impact of the financial and Economic Crisis on Central America: An Expenditure GDP approach

The 2009 conferences will provide many opportunities for the presentation of important new research and for productive, structured dialogue on the major challenges facing the global response to the financial crisis. Conference organisers are developing a wide variety of session types that meet the needs of various participants and support collective efforts to communities worldwide. Central to many of these sessions will be the transfer of knowledge and sharing of best practices.Expenditure GDP approach, Financial Crisis, Economic impact, Regression Analysis, Public Economics, E23, E61, F43, H50,

Aplicación de un modelo de redes neuronales en la identificación del daño estructural en un puente vehicular

En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo y aplicación de un modelo de redes neuronales en la detección del daño estructural a flexión en las trabes de un puente vehicular. El entrenamiento y evaluación de las redes se llevó a cabo a partir de la generación de 12 801 y 2 560 escenarios de daño "artificiales", respectivamente. En la generación de estos escenarios se modificó aleatoriamente la rigidez a flexión de uno o varios de los elementos en que se discretizaron las trabes del puente. Como parámetro de entrada en el entrenamiento de las redes se utilizaron las diferencias en la energía de deformación modal y, como parámetro de salida, las rigideces a flexión de los elementos en que se discretizaron las trabes del puente. El algoritmo de entrenamiento utilizado fue el Scaled Conjugate Gradient. En general, se observó que las redes son capaces de predecir en forma confiable la localización y severidad del dañoEn este artículo se presenta el desarrollo y aplicación de un modelo de redes neuronales en la detección del daño estructural a Áexión en las trabes de un puente vehicular. El entrenamiento y evaluación de las redes se llevó a cabo a partir de la generación de 12 801 y 2 560 escenarios de daño “artiÀciales”, respectivamente. En la generación de estos escenarios se modiÀcó aleatoriamente la rigidez a Áexión de uno o varios de los elementos en que se discretizaron las trabes del puente. Como parámetro de entrada en el entrenamiento de las redes se utilizaron las diferencias en la energía de deformación modal y, como parámetro de salida, las rigideces a Áexión de los elementos en que se discretizaron las trabes del puente. El algoritmo de entrenamiento utilizado fue el Scaled Conjugate Gradient. En general, se observó que las redes son capaces de predecir en forma conÀable la localización y severidad del daño

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THE PNV UNIT UNAN-LEON USING PRODUCTION FUNCTION STOCHASTIC FRONTIER, 2007-2008

Presented at: NATIONAL AUTONOMUOS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON INVESTIGATION VICERECTOR, POSTPGRADUATE AND SOCIAL PROJECTION 2th SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS ¨THE INVESTIGATION A WAY TO THE KNOWLEGE AND DEVELOPMENT¨ 17 NOVIEMBRE 2009Stochastic Frontier Production, Forest Police, LSMS-ISA MECOVI, Technical efficiency, Allocative Efficiency., Productivity Analysis, D61, Q12,

Deforestation Impact on the Household Sustainable Local Development: Nicaragua case, 1998-2005.

CENTRAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, CAU V INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE ENCUENTRO JOURNALLSMS Survey, MECOVI, Technical Efficiency, Stochastic Frontier, Sustainable Local Development., Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, Q: 56, Q: 58.,

ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL EFFCIENCY OF THE STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN FOREST FARMING NICARAGUA 1998-2005

Presented at: UNIVERSITIES NATIONAL COUNCIL III UNVERSITY SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS 41 ANNIVERSARY OF THE CATHOLIC FARMING LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF THE DRY TROPIC ¨UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY: A STRATEGY FOR CONFRONTING THE NATIONAL GLOBAL CHALLENGE¨ 23 SEPTEMBER 2009Stochastic Frontier Production, Forest Police, LSMS-ISA MECOVI, Technical efficiency, Allocative Efficiency., Productivity Analysis, D61, Q12,

MALMQUIST DEA INDEX ANALYSIS WITH AN ORIENTED OUTPUT APPLIED TO THE FOREST ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN NICARAGUA 1998-2005

Presented at: NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON IV AGROFOREST SYMPOSIUM “CONTRIBUTION TO THE AGROFOREST SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND, FOR MITIGATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION” 05 – 06 NOVEMBER 2009Malmquist Index, Technological Change, Technical Efficiency Change, Returns scale efficiency change, total factors productivity, LSMS-ISA MECOVI, Productivity Analysis, D61, Q12, Q23, R38,

Consumption Ozone-Depleting Substances Impact in Central American GDAP: An Input Oriented Malmquist DEA Index

Contribution to Second Congress Rural Development.Malmquist DEA Index, GDAP, ODS, hydrochlorofluorocabons (HCFCs), methyl bromide (Methyl Bromide), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, Q51, O47.,