Diseño de un video para el aprendizaje de la derivada de funciones implícitas (derivación implícita)

Se diseñó este video con el propósito de proporcionar un recurso didáctico de apoyo para la enseñanza de la derivada de funciones implícitas, así como segundas derivadas, con soporte Power Point de Microsoft Office y E: M: Free Power Point Video Converter de Windows

Factores que influyen en el emprendimiento de los alumnos de la rama administrativa y de negocios en la UANL

El emprendimiento en estos tiempos se ha presentado como una alternativa de ingreso única para gran parte de la población mexicana, desde personas con una carrera terminada, hasta aquellos que están en vías de finalizar alguna, esto va desde iniciar con pequeños negocios hasta los muy grandes con inversiones elevadas y con el fin de obtener un retorno y una estabilidad económica que en ocasiones no encuentran en trabajos jornadas promedio de 8 horas. Aunado a esto, se suman las diferentes situaciones que se están viviendo actualmente en el país, como el encarecimiento de servicios básicos (vivienda, canasta básica, etc.), desarrollo de nuevos productos que lucen inalcanzables para una gran mayoría de la población debido al coste del mismo y sumado al nivel socioeconómico en el que se podrían encontrar las familias y las personas  que deseen adquirirlo y el más importante, a razón personal, no depender de alguien más para obtener recursos económicos que les permitan subsistir en una vida que, sin duda, se torna complicada conforme pasa el tiempo. El presente trabajo de investigación está enfocado en entender no solo lo que conlleva a una persona a emprender, sino también los factores que se consideran clave o de impacto para generar ese impulso necesario para poder emprender y, sobre todo, llevarlo por un buen camino y que al final esta se geste de manera adecuada y la lleve al éxito esperado

Prevalencia de enfermedades y síntomas respiratorios en colonias anfitrionas de mineras pétreas en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México

Introducción: el estudio estimó la tasa de prevalencia de enfermedades y síntomas respiratorios agudos (ESRA) y sus factores de riesgo (FR). Se llevó a cabo en tres colonias anfitrionas: Salsipuedes (200 viviendas), San Miguel (35) y Ampliación San Miguel (9) de la región sureste de la Ciudad de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México, donde se ubica la minera pétrea de arena y grava para construcción de carreteras y viviendas, desde hace 35 años. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal epidemiológico; se inició con un censo de población y 156 hogares (el 63.9 % del total) aceptaron participar en la encuesta, así, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado con preguntas cerradas y abiertas a un mayor de edad de cada familia. Por un lado, las preguntas cerradas se orientaron a identificar los signos y los síntomas de enfermedades incidentes y prevalentes; por otro lado, se hicieron seis preguntas abiertas cualitativas relacionadas con cómo se considera la actividad del banco de arena existente en cada barrio, a fin de conocer las percepciones del riesgo social, ambiental y de salud, y su posible asociación con habitar en colonias limítrofes con la minera. Resultados: la tasa de prevalencia de ESRA en Salsipuedes fue del 5.6 %, en San Miguel del 12.0 % y en Ampliación San Miguel del 21.9 % (TP total=7.6 %) (p ≤ 0.05). Se exploraron nueve variables socioeconómicas, de ellas, cinco (pared de madera de la vivienda, proximidad de la colonia, proximidad de la carretera internacional, tenencia del hogar y percepción de salud) se asociaron estadísticamente con la actividad minera pétrea con un valor de significancia estadística de p ≤ 0.05. Conclusiones: las actividades de minería repercuten en las ESRA y se vinculan a la proximidad y las condiciones de la vivienda, asimismo, influyen en las percepciones negativas de la salud y el ambiente

Responsabilidad Social y Ciudadanía: Una perspectiva desde la universidad y la administración pública

La importancia de los estudios sobre ciudadanía se vincula con la imperiosa necesidad de fortalecer la democracia en todos aquellos espacios donde se manifiesta, principalmente en países como México, donde la falta de credibilidad en las instituciones democráticas ha permeado a la sociedad.Los desafíos contemporáneos requieren nuevos ajustes en diversos sentidos; al interior de las organizaciones es necesario adecuar los mecanismos con que interactúan frente a la sociedad en la que se desarrollan. Es requisito indispensable que el grueso de las organizaciones sociales se vinculen de manera directa con los problemas globales y nacionales: cambio climático, guerras, exigencias democráticas, movimientos sociales, pobreza, desempleo, inestabilidades políticas etc., ello les exige que se asuman como parte del complejo social, donde sus acciones repercuten de forma directa o indirecta

Prevalence of anemia and deficiency of iron, folic acid, and zinc in children younger than 2 years of age who use the health services provided by the Mexican Social Security Institute

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Mexico, as in other developing countries, micronutrient deficiencies are common in infants between 6 and 24 months of age and are an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and of iron, folic acid, and zinc deficiencies in Mexican children under 2 years of age who use the health care services provided by the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A nationwide survey was conducted with a representative sample of children younger than 2 years of age, beneficiaries, and users of health care services provided by IMSS through its regular regimen (located in urban populations) and its Oportunidades program (services offered in rural areas). A subsample of 4,955 clinically healthy children was studied to determine their micronutrient status. A venous blood sample was drawn to determine hemoglobin, serum ferritin, percent of transferrin saturation, zinc, and folic acid. Descriptive statistics include point estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the sample and projections for the larger population from which the sample was drawn.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty percent of children younger than 2 years of age had anemia, and 27.8% (rural) to 32.6% (urban) had iron deficiency; more than 50% of anemia was not associated with low ferritin concentrations. Iron stores were more depleted as age increased. Low serum zinc and folic acid deficiencies were 28% and 10%, respectively, in the urban areas, and 13% and 8%, respectively, in rural areas. The prevalence of simultaneous iron and zinc deficiencies was 9.2% and 2.7% in urban and rural areas. Children with anemia have higher percentages of folic acid deficiency than children with normal iron status.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Iron and zinc deficiencies constitute the principal micronutrient deficiencies in Mexican children younger than 2 years old who use the health care services provided by IMSS. Anemia not associated with low ferritin values was more prevalent than iron-deficiency anemia. The presence of micronutrient deficiencies at this early age calls for effective preventive public nutrition programs to address them.</p

Genetic Discovery and Risk Characterization in Type 2 Diabetes across Diverse Populations

Genomic discovery and characterization of risk loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been conducted primarily in individuals of European ancestry. We conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association study of T2D among 53,102 cases and 193,679 control subjects from African, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian, and European population groups in the Population Architecture Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) and Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) Consortia. In individuals of African ancestry, we discovered a risk variant in th

Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans

Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. We describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ethnicities generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). This catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We have used this catalogue to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; identifying 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of truncating variants with 72% having no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human “knockout” variants in protein-coding genes

Ancestral diversity improves discovery and fine-mapping of genetic loci for anthropometric traits — The Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry Consortium

Hispanic/Latinos have been underrepresented in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for anthropometric traits despite their notable anthropometric variability, ancestry proportions, and high burden of growth stunting and overweight/obesity. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed densely imputed genetic data in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults to identify and fine-map genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), height, and BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI). We conducted a GWAS of 18 studies/consortia as part of the Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry (HISLA) Consortium (stage 1, n = 59,771) and generalized our findings in 9 additional studies (stage 2, n = 10,538). We conducted a trans-ancestral GWAS with summary statistics from HISLA stage 1 and existing consortia of European and African ancestries. In our HISLA stage 1 + 2 analyses, we discovered one BMI locus, as well as two BMI signals and another height signal each within established anthropometric loci. In our trans-ancestral meta-analysis, we discovered three BMI loci, one height locus, and one WHRadjBMI locus. We also identified 3 secondary signals for BMI, 28 for height, and 2 for WHRadjBMI in established loci. We show that 336 known BMI, 1,177 known height, and 143 known WHRadjBMI (combined) SNPs demonstrated suggestive transferability (nominal significance and effect estimate directional consistency) in Hispanic/Latino adults. Of these, 36 BMI, 124 height, and 11 WHRadjBMI SNPs were significant after trait-specific Bonferroni correction. Trans-ancestral meta-analysis of the three ancestries showed a small-to-moderate impact of uncorrected population stratification on the resulting effect size estimates. Our findings demonstrate that future studies may also benefit from leveraging diverse ancestries and differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns to discover novel loci and additional signals with less residual population stratification

Type 2 Diabetes Variants Disrupt Function of SLC16A11 through Two Distinct Mechanisms

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects Latinos at twice the rate seen in populations of European descent. We recently identified a risk haplotype spanning SLC16A11 that explains ∼20% of the increased T2D prevalence in Mexico. Here, through genetic fine-mapping, we define a set of tightly linked variants likely to contain the causal allele(s). We show that variants on the T2D-associated haplotype have two distinct effects: (1) decreasing SLC16A11 expression in liver and (2) disrupting a key interaction with basigin, thereby reducing cell-surface localization. Both independent mechanisms reduce SLC16A11 function and suggest SLC16A11 is the causal gene at this locus. To gain insight into how SLC16A11 disruption impacts T2D risk, we demonstrate that SLC16A11 is a proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter and that genetic perturbation of SLC16A11 induces changes in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that are associated with increased T2D risk. Our findings suggest that increasing SLC16A11 function could be therapeutically beneficial for T2D. Video Abstract [Figure presented] Keywords: type 2 diabetes (T2D); genetics; disease mechanism; SLC16A11; MCT11; solute carrier (SLC); monocarboxylates; fatty acid metabolism; lipid metabolism; precision medicin