Chemostat Production of Plantaricin C By Lactobacillus plantarum LL441

Plantaricin C, a bacteriocin synthesized by Lactobacillus plantarum LL441, was optimally produced in chemostats kept at pH 5.0, 30°C, 150 rpm, and a dilution rate of 0.05 h1 when glucose was used as carbon source and a dilution rate of 0.10 to 0.12 h1 when sucrose or fructose was used instead. Production was abolished at high dilution rates, i.e., when the cells grew rapidly in all carbon sourcesThis work was supported by grants ALI93-0873-CO2 and BIOT-CT96-0402 from the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain and the BIOTECH Program of the European Union, respectively. F.S. was the recipient of a visitor's grant from the University of Oviedo.Peer reviewe

Evaluación de las propiedades probióticas de bacterias lácticas de origen enológico

[ES]: En este trabajo se ha evaluado la resistencia a la saliva, al medio ácido y a las sales biliares de once cepas de origen enológico pertenecientes a Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp., y Oenococcus oeni, además de dos cepas probióticas de referencia. Las cepas de Lactobacillus y Pediococcus mostraron una alta resistencia a la lisozima (> 80 %), y todas sobrevivieron a las sales biliares y a bajos valores de pH (pH 1.8), lo que sugiere una buena adaptación de estas cepas a las condiciones gastrointestinales. También se evaluó su capacidad para adherirse a la mucosa intestinal y para inhibir la adhesión de Escherichia coli a células epiteliales del intestino. En particular, la cepa P. pentosaceus cIAL-86 mostró un alto porcentaje de adherencia a las células intestinales (> 12 %), incluso superior al mostrado por las cepas probióticas de referencia, y una alta actividad anti-adhesión de E. coli cIAL-153 (> 30 %).[EN]: In this study, the saliva, acid and bile resistance of eleven enological strains of Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp., and Oenococcus oeni, as well as two probiotic reference strains were evaluated. Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains showed high resistance to lysozyme (> 80 %) and all were capable of surviving at bile salts and low pH values (pH 1.8), suggesting a good adaptation to gastrointestinal conditions. The ability of these strains to adhere to the intestinal mucosa and the inhibition of the adhesion of Escherichia coli to intestinal cells were also evaluated. In particular, P. pentosaceus cIAL-86 showed a high percentage of adhesion to intestinal cells (> 12 %), even higher than that shown by the reference probiotic strains, and a high anti-adhesion activity against E. coli cIAL-153 (> 30 %).Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Proyectos AGL2012-04172-C02-01, PRI-PIBAR-2011-1358 y Consolider Ingenio 2010 FUN-C-FOOD CSD2007-00063), la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (ALIBIRD P2009/AGR-1469) y el INIA (proyecto RM2011-00003-00-00). A. García Ruiz es beneficiaria de una beca del Instituto DanonePeer Reviewe

Anti-adhesive activity of cranberry phenolic compounds and their microbial-derived metabolites against uropathogenic Escherichia coli in bladder epithelial cell cultures

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolics and Polyphenolics 2015.Cranberry consumption has shown prophylactic effects against urinary tract infections (UTI), although the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In this paper, cranberry phenolic compounds and their potential microbial-derived metabolites (such as simple phenols and benzoic, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids) were tested for their capacity to inhibit the adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) ATCC®53503™ to T24 epithelial bladder cells. Catechol, benzoic acid, vanillic acid, phenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid showed anti-adhesive activity against UPEC in a concentration-dependent manner from 100-500 µM, whereas procyanidin A2, widely reported as an inhibitor of UPEC adherence on uroepithelium, was only statistically significant (p < 0.05) at 500 µM (51.3% inhibition). The results proved for the first time the anti-adhesive activity of some cranberry-derived phenolic metabolites against UPEC in vitro, suggesting that their presence in the urine could reduce bacterial colonization and progression of UTI.This work was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (Projects AGL-2010-17499 and AGL2012-40172-C02-01) and the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Project ALIBIRD S2013/ABI-2728), Spain. Adelaida Esteban-Fernández would like to thank the MINECO-FPI program for her research contract.We acknowledge the support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer Reviewe

Deciphering the interactions between lipids and red wine polyphenols through the gastrointestinal tract

This paper investigates the mutual interactions between lipids and red wine polyphenols at different stages of the gastrointestinal tract by using the simgi® dynamic simulator. Three food models were tested: a Wine model, a Lipid model (olive oil + cholesterol) and a Wine + Lipid model (red wine + olive oil + cholesterol). With regard to wine polyphenols, results showed that co-digestion with lipids slightly affected the phenolic profile after gastrointestinal digestion. In relation to lipid bioaccessibility, the co-digestion with red wine tended to increase the percentage of bioaccessible monoglycerides, although significant differences were not found (p > 0.05). Furthermore, co-digestion with red wine tended to reduce cholesterol bioaccessibility (from 80 to 49 %), which could be related to the decrease in bile salt content observed in the micellar phase. For free fatty acids, almost no changes were observed. At the colonic level, the co-digestion of red wine and lipids conditioned the composition and metabolism of colonic microbiota. For instance, the growth [log (ufc/mL)] of lactic acid bacteria (6.9 ± 0.2) and bifidobacteria (6.8 ± 0.1) populations were significantly higher for the Wine + Lipid food model respect to the control colonic fermentation (5.2 ± 0.1 and 5.3 ± 0.2, respectively). Besides, the production of total SCFAs was greater for the Wine + Lipid food model. Also, the cytotoxicity of the colonic-digested samples towards human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-116 and HT-29) was found to be significantly lower for the Wine and Wine + Lipid models than for the Lipid model and the control (no food addition). Overall, the results obtained using the simgi® model were consistent with those reported in vivo in the literature. In particular, they suggest that red wine may favourably modulate lipid bioaccessibility – a fact that could explain the hypocholesterolemic effects of red wine and red wine polyphenols observed in human

Some contributions to the study of oenological lactic acid bacteria through their interaction with polyphenols

Probiotic features and the ability of two oenological lactic acid bacteria strains (Pediococcus pentosaceus CIAL‐86 and Lactobacillus plantarum CIAL‐121) and a reference probiotic strain (Lactobacillus plantarum CLC 17) to metabolize wine polyphenols are examined. After summarizing previous results regarding their resistance to lysozyme, gastric juice and bile salts, the three strains were assessed for their ability to release phenolic metabolites after their incubation with a wine phenolic extract. Neither of the two bacteria were able to metabolize wine polyphenols, at least in the conditions used in this study, although a certain stimulatory effect on bacterial growth was observed in the presence of a wine‐derived phenolic metabolite (i.e., 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) and a wine phenolic compound (i.e., (+) ‐catechin). Bacteria cell‐free supernatants from the three strains delayed and inhibited almost completely the growth of the pathogen E. coli CIAL‐153, probably due to the presence of organic acids derived from the bacterial metabolism of carbohydrates. Lastly, the three strains showed a high percentage of adhesion to intestinal cells, and pre‐incubation of Caco‐2 cells with bacteria strains prior to the addition of E. coli CIAL‐153 produced a notable inhibition of the adhesion of E. coli to the intestinal cells.The study was supported by the projects AGL2012-40172-C02-01 and AGL2015-64522-C2-1-R of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and ALIBIRD S2013/ABI-2728 of the Comunidad de Madrid, as well as COST Action POSITIVe FA1403. IG-S is the recipient of an FPU contract from the Spanish Ministry of Education. AE-F is the recipient of an FPI contract from the Spanish MINECO (Project AGL2012-40172-C02-01). We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).We acknowledge the support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)

Demuestran el potencial probiótico de las bacterias lácticas presentes en el vino

Científicos del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), centro mixto UAM-CSIC, han logrado caracterizar 11 bacterias de origen enológico con potenciales propiedades probióticas. El trabajo abre nuevas oportunidades para seleccionar microorganismos con la capacidad de mejorar la fermentación en el proceso de vinificación, y ofrecer además beneficios nutricionales.Peer Reviewe

Procedimiento para la producción en levaduras de cápsidas virales vacías compuestas por proteínas derivadas de pVP2 del virus causante de la enfermedad de la bursitis infecciosa (IBDV)

Referencia OEPM: P200401044.-- Fecha de solicitud: 30/04/2004.-- Titulares: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Bionostra, S.L.Procedimiento para la producción en levaduras de cápsidas virales vacías compuestas por proteínas derivadas de pVP2 del virus causante de la enfermedad de la bursitis infecciosa (IBDV). Las cápsidas vacías del virus causante de la enfermedad de la bursitis infecciosa (IBDV) están constituidas por ensamblaje de proteínas derivadas de la proteína pVP2 de IBDV, de distinto tamaño y tienen aplicación en la producción de vacunas y en la elaboración de vectores para terapia génica.Peer reviewe

Cranberry-derived phenolic metabolites and urinary tract infections

Resumen del póster presentado a la 7th International Conference on Polyphenols and Health, celebrada en Tours (Francia) del 27 al 30 de octubre de 2015.The beneficial effects of cranbeny products against urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been attributed, at least partly, to their A-type proanthocyanidin (PAC) content. A-type PACs have shown uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-anti-adhesive activity, although they are unlikely to appear in urine at relevant concentrations as they are poorly absorbed. One leading hypothesis is that PAC-derived metabolites present in urine would operate in the phase of UPEC adyherence to uroepithelial cells, preventing bacterial colonization. In addition to this, and as it is becoming evident that the intestine is a reservoir for uropathogenic bacteria, other hypothesis is that. A-type proanthocyanidins specifically decrease the transient intestinal colonisation b UPEC, consequently reducing the risk of UTI incidence. In any case, gut microbiota (and its inter-individual variability) seems to be an important factor to be considered. In this communication, we summarize our results from different approaches aimed to look into the mechanisms that are behind the protedive action of cranberry polyphenols against ITUs: 1)in vitro fermentations of cranbeny polyphenols with colonic microbiota, that were performed to access the microbial-derived metabolic profile of cranbeny polyphenols as well as their effect on gut microbiota survival, 2) an in vivo trial with model mouse intraurethral-inoculated wilh UPEC, that evaluated the effectiveness of cranbeny supplementation in bacterial infection as well as its impact on faecal phenolic metabolism and faecal microbiota, 3) testing the UPEC-antiadhesive capacity of cranbeny phenolic compounds and their metabolites in bladder epithelial cell culíures, and 4) ex vivo studies of UPEC-antiadhesive capacity of mice mines collected after cranbeny supplementation.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MiNECO) (Projects AGL-2010-17499 and AGL2012-40172-C02-01) and the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Project ALIBIRD S2013/ABI-2728), Spain.Peer Reviewe

Comparative effects of A- and B-type proanthocyanidins in the prevention of urinary tract infection in mice

Resumen del póster presentado a la VI International Conference on Polyphenols and Health celebrada en Buenos Aires (Argentina) del 16 al 19 de octubre de 2013.Consumption of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpum) is widely recommended forprophylaxis against urinary tract infections (UTI) in women. Among cranberry components, A-type proanthocyanins would be implicated in these preventive effects against UTI. However, proanthocyanidins are poorly absorbed in the small intestine, but subjected to extensive biotransformation in the colon, although studies are almost restricted to B-type proanthocyanidins. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that urinary metabolome from of A-type and B-type proanthocyanidins-mainly derived from their colonic catabolism-differ,and only metabolites from the A-type procyanidins have protective effects against UTI. To test this hypothesis, JAXc3H/OuJ female mice previously fed with specific diet (control, 1% cranberry extract and 1% grape seed extract) for 2 weeks, were inoculated with the uropathogenic E. coli (ATCC 53503™) to provoke infection, and maintained 2 weeks more before being sacrificed. Urine samples were collected at different times and subjected to E.coli counting, leukocytary esterase and nitrites analyses, and mieloperoxidase task. Samples of kidney and bladder tissues were also collected for E. coli counting and histopathologic analysis. Additionally, the capacity of the urine samples to inhibit bacterial adherence was tested in the T24 bladder cell line (ATCC HTB4 ™).Peer reviewe

Registro Español de Trasplante Cardiaco. XXXI Informe Oficial de la Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología

Introducción y objetivos Se presentan las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en España con la actualización correspondiente a 2019. Métodos Se describen las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en 2019, así como las tendencias de estos en el periodo 2010-2018. Resultados En 2019 se realizaron 300 trasplantes (8.794 desde 1984; 2.745 entre 2010 y 2019). Respecto a años previos, los cambios más llamativos son el descenso hasta el 38% de los trasplantes realizados en código urgente, y la consolidación en el cambio de asistencia circulatoria pretrasplante, con la práctica desaparición del balón de contrapulsación (0, 7%), la estabilización del uso del oxigenador extracorpóreo de membrana (9, 6%) y el aumento de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (29%). La supervivencia en el trienio 2016-2018 es similar a la del trienio 2013-2015 (p = 0, 34), y ambas mejores que la del trienio 2010-2012 (p = 0, 002 y p = 0, 01 respectivamente). Conclusiones Se mantienen estables tanto la actividad del trasplante cardiaco en España como los resultados en supervivencia en los últimos 2 trienios. Hay una tendencia a realizar menos trasplantes urgentes, la mayoría con dispositivos de asistencia ventricular. Introduction and objectives: The present report describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants in Spain and updates the data to 2019. Methods: We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants performed in Spain in 2019, as well as trends in this procedure from 2010 to 2018. Results: In 2019, 300 transplants were performed (8794 since 1984; 2745 between 2010 and 2019). Compared with previous years, the most notable findings were the decreasing rate of urgent transplants (38%), and the consolidation of the type of circulatory support prior to transplant, with an almost complete disappearance of counterpulsation balloon (0.7%), stabilization in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (9.6%), and an increase in the use of ventricular assist devices (29.0%). Survival from 2016 to 2018 was similar to that from 2013 to 2015 (P = .34). Survival in both these periods was better than that from 2010 to 2012 (P = .002 and P = .01, respectively). Conclusions: Heart transplant activity has remained stable during the last few years, as have outcomes (in terms of survival). There has been a trend to a lower rate of urgent transplants and to a higher use of ventricular assist devices prior to transplant