3D models related to the publication: Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)

INTRODUCTION: The phylogeny of the Cingulata has been debated in morphological analyses for a long time (Engelmann, 1985; Gaudin &Wible, 2006; Billet et al., 2011; Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016; Herrera et al., 2017) and this incongruence was enriched by the contribution of recent molecular analyses (Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016). This is particularly the case for the emblematic group of glyptodonts whose mitochondrial genome was recently assembled (Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016). Although the cranial anatomy is relatively well known in xenarthrans, their internal cranial anatomy remains poorly studied. Yet, several studies have shown that their exploration provides systematic interest on their past and present diversity (Zurita et al., 2011; Fernicola et al., 2012; Billet et al., 2015; Tambusso & Fari˜na, 2015a; Tambusso & Fari˜na, 2015b; Billet et al., 2017; Boscaini et al., 2018; Boscaini et al., 2020; Tambusso et al., 2021). In a recent study (Le Verger et al., 2021), we describe and compare 8 cranial canals (involved in the vascularization and innervation of the cranium) and alveolar cavities (Figure 1) of 30 specimens belonging to the Cingulata. In this sampling, all extant subfamilies are represented and several large fossil groups including giant forms such as pampatheres and glyptodonts are represented. For the latter, the oldest complete crania have been studied. A sloth and an anteater were also added to the sample as outgroup. Of the total sample, 3D models of 13 specimens are made available (Table 1). The rest of the specimens are available only upon request from LGR. In this study (Le Verger et al., 2021), we present the comparativ investigation of these intracranial osseous canals and alveolar cavities using X-ray microtomography. Their 3D virtual reconstruction enabled us to compare the locations, trajectories, and shape of each homologous structure and discuss their potential interest for cingulate systematics

Miocène supérieur Dasypodidae Gray, 1821 (Xenarthra, Cingulata) de la Formation Toro Negro (Centre des Andes, Argentine) : diversité et implications chronologiques et biogéographiques

Les restes fossiles décrits ici se rapportent à différentes espèces de Dasypodidae Gray, 1821 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) et proviennent des niveaux supérieurs du membre inférieur (Miocène supérieur – Pliocène inférieur) de la Formation Toro Negro à Quebrada de Las Torrecillas, Province de La Rioja, Argentine, où les signalements précédents de vertébrés comprennent seulement ceux de Pyramiodontherium scillatoyanei De Iuliis, Ré &amp; Vizcaíno, 2004 (Mammalia, Xenarthra) et Opisthodactylus cf. kirchneri Noriega, Jordan, Vezzosi &amp; Areta, 2017 (Aves, Rheidae). Les restres de Dasypodidae présentés ici incluent Vetelia ghandii Esteban &amp; Nasif, 1996, Chasicotatus peiranoi Esteban &amp; Nasif, 1996, Macrochorobates scalabrinii (Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891), Prozaedyus sp., et Paleuphractus argentinus (Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891), et constituent les premiers signalements de ces espèces pour la Formation Toro Negro, augmentant la diversité de mammifères pour cette unité. L’association de dasypodidés décrite ici présente de fortes affinités avec celles décrites pour des localités du Miocène du Nord-Ouest de l’Argentine. Compte tenu de ces éléments, les Dasypodidae rapportés ici pour le site de Quebrada de Las Torrecillas montrent une association caractéristique de taxons du Nord-Ouest de l’Argentine, suggérant un âge Messinien (fin du Miocène supérieur) pour les niveaux comprenant la Formation Toro Negro. Ainsi, ces données soutiennent les âges précis récemment proposés pour le membre inférieur de la Formation de Toro Negro (c’est-à-dire fin du Miocène supérieur – début du Pliocène inférieur).Fossil remains herein described are referred to different species of Dasypodidae Gray, 1821 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) and come from the upper levels of the lower member (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene) of the Toro Negro Formation at Quebrada de Las Torrecillas, La Rioja Province, Argentina, where previous vertebrate records only include those of Pyramiodontherium scillatoyanei De Iuliis, Ré &amp; Vizcaíno, 2004 (Mammalia, Xenarthra) and Opisthodactylus cf. kirchneri Noriega, Jordan, Vezzosi &amp; Areta, 2017 (Aves, Rheidae). The remains of Dasypodidae herein presented include Vetelia ghandii Esteban &amp; Nasif, 1996, Chasicotatus peiranoi Esteban &amp; Nasif, 1996, Macrochorobates scalabrinii (Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891), Prozaedyus sp., and Paleuphractus argentinus (Moreno &amp; Mercerat, 1891), and constitute the first records of these species for the Toro Negro Formation, increasing the mammal diversity for this unit. The association of dasypodids here described shows strong affinities with those described for Late Miocene localities of Northwestern Argentina. Under these evidences, the Dasypodidae here reported for Quebrada de Las Torrecillas site show a characteristic association of taxa from Northwestern Argentina, suggesting a Messinian age (Late Miocene) for the bearing levels of the Toro Negro Formation. In this way, these records support the accurate ages recently proposed for the lower Member of the Toro Negro Formation (i.e., Late Miocene-Early Pliocene).</p

Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)

The evolutionary history of the Cingulata, as for many groups, remains a highly debated topic to this day, particularly for one of their most emblematic representatives: the glyptodonts. There is no consensus among morphological and molecular phylogenies regarding their position within Cingulata. As demonstrated by recent works, the study of the internal anatomy constitutes a promising path for enriching morphological matrices for the phylogenetic study of armadillos. However, internal cranial anatomy remains understudied in the Cingulata. Here we explored and compared the anatomy of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in a diverse sample of extant and extinct cingulates, including the earliest well-preserved glyptodont crania. The virtual 3D reconstruction (using X-ray microtomography) of selected canals, that is, the nasolacrimal canal, the palatine canal, the sphenopalatine canal, the canal for the frontal diploic vein, the transverse canal, the orbitotemporal canal, the canal for the capsuloparietal emissary vein and the posttemporal canal, and alveolar cavities related to cranial vascularization, innervation or tooth insertion allowed us to compare the locations, trajectories, and shape of these structures and to discuss their potential interest for cingulate systematics. We tentatively reconstructed evolutionary scenarios for eight selected traits related to these structures in which glyptodonts often showed a close resemblance to pampatheres, to the genus Proeutatus, and/or to chlamyphorines. This latter pattern was partly congruent with recent molecular hypotheses, but more research is needed on these resemblances and on the potential effects of development and allometry on the observed variations. Overall, these comparisons have enabled us to highlight new anatomical variation that may be of great interest to further explore the evolutionary history of cingulates and the origins of glyptodonts on a morphological basis

Spécimens non publiés de primates fossiles de patagonie (Argentine) de la collection tournouër du muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris

Three unpublished fossil primate specimens from Patagonia (Argentina) are reported here. They are part of the Tournouër collection housed at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, France, and correspond to a partial mandible collected in 1902, and one upper deciduous premolar and one upper permanent molar collected in 1899. The partial mandible comes from the early Miocene sediments in the Coyle river area (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina), and is attributable to Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino, 1891. It adds to the several specimens assigned to Homunculus patagonicus that were collected since the times of the Ameghino brothers in the area, between the rivers Coyle and Gallegos. Two other dental specimens came from Colhue-Huapi (Chubut province, Argentina). Both are here assigned to Mazzonicebus almendrae Kay, 2010, the only known fossil primate in the early Miocene levels of Gran Barranca, in the Colhue-Huapi area. This contribution provides new morphological information concerning the mandible and dentition of Homunculus Ameghino, 1891, and the first evidence of the deciduous dentition of Mazzonicebus Kay, 2010.Fil: Novo, Nelson Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Tejedor, Marcelo Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: González Ruiz, Laureano R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentin

A new species of Peltephilidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the late Miocene (Chasicoan SALMA) of Argentina

González-Ruiz, Laureano R., Scillato-Yané, Gustavo J., Krmpotic, Cecilia M., Carlini, Alfredo A. (2012): A new species of Peltephilidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the late Miocene (Chasicoan SALMA) of Argentina. Zootaxa 3359: 55-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21031