Las flores de hibiscus sabdariffa y sus beneficios a la salud: una revisión de sus efectos cardiometabólicos y la relación con su composición de antocianinas

Algunos fitoquímicos son tóxicos para otros organismos, siendo éste un mecanismo de defensa contra factores estresores del medio ambiente. La hipótesis de la xenohormesis establece que dosis bajas de estas moléculas activan vías de señalización celular adaptativas que mejoran la salud. Reportes científicos señalan propiedades de las antocianinas de Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) para tratar inflamación, hiperglucemia, hipertensión e hiperlipidemia, todos factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular. Esta revisión expone resultados en modelos celulares y animales, y estudios clínicos sobre las propiedades funcionales de las antocianinas de HS. La poca cantidad de estos compuestos en la planta hace que el consumo en la dieta de los humanos sea bajo, y su biodisponibilidad limitada. En la revisión se abordan procedimientos de extracción y enriquecimiento; así como estrategias para mejorar su estabilidad y biodisponibilidad. Finalmente se mencionan propuestas de formulaciones a base de extractos de HS en sistemas micro y nanoparticulados

Lipid Metabolism Alterations in a Rat Model of Chronic and Intergenerational Exposure to Arsenic

Chronic exposure to arsenic (As), whether directly through the consumption of contaminated drinking water or indirectly through the daily intake of As-contaminated food, is a health threat for more than 150 million people worldwide. Epidemiological studies found an association between chronic consumption of As and several pathologies, the most common being cancer-related disorders. However, As consumption has also been associated with metabolic disorders that could lead to diverse pathologies, suchas type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. Here, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QToF) to assess the effect of chronic intergenerational As exposure on the lipid metabolism profiles of serum from 4-month-old Wistar rats exposed to As prenatally and also during early life in drinking water (3 ppm). Significant differences in the levels of certain identified lyso-phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, and triglycerides were found between the exposed rats and the control groups, as well as between the sexes. Significantly increased lipid oxidation determined by the malondialdehyde (MDA) method was found in exposed rats compared with controls. Chronic intergenerational As exposure alters the rat lipidome, increases lipid oxidation, and dysregulates metabolic pathways, the factors associated with the chronic inflammation present in different diseases associated with chronic exposure to As (i.e., keratosis, Bowen’s disease, and kidney, liver, bladder, and lung cancer)

Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a highly contagious infectious disease that has caused many deaths worldwide. Despite global efforts, it continues to cause great losses, and leaving multiple unknowns that we must resolve in order to face the pandemic more effectively. One of the questions that has arisen recently is what happens, after recovering from COVID-19. For this reason, the objective of this study is to identify the risk of presenting persistent symptoms in recovered from COVID-19. This case-control study was conducted in one state of Mexico. Initially the data were obtained from the participants, through a questionnaire about symptoms that they had at the moment of the interview. Initially were captured the collected data, to make a dataset. After the pre-processed using the R project tool to eliminate outliers or missing data. Obtained finally a total of 219 participants, 141 recovered and 78 controls. It was used confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 7%. From results it was obtained that all symptoms have an associated risk in those recovered. The relative risk of the selected symptoms in the recovered patients goes from 3 to 22 times, being infinite for the case of dyspnea, due to the fact that there is no control that presents this symptom at the moment of the interview, followed by the nausea and the anosmia with a RR of 8.5. Therefore, public health strategies must be rethought, to treat or rehabilitate, avoiding chronic problems in patients recovered from COVID-19

Innate Immunity Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Understanding Infection Susceptibility

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by marked alterations in the metabolism of glucose and by high concentrations of glucose in the blood due to a decreased insulin production or resistance to the action of this hormone in peripheral tissues. The International Diabetes Federation estimates a global incidence of diabetes of about 10% in the adult population (20 - 79 years old), some 430 million cases reported worldwide in 2018. It is well documented that people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases and therefore show higher morbidity and mortality compared to the non-diabetic population. Given that the innate immune response plays a fundamental role in protecting against invading pathogens through a myriad of humoral and cellular mechanisms, the present work makes a comprehensive review of the innate immune alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) as well as a brief description of the molecular events leading or associated to such conditions. We show that in these patients a compromised innate immune response increases susceptibility to infections

Evaluación de la ingesta del extracto acuoso de rosmarinus officinalis sobre il-10 en pacientes con dm2

La IL-10 es una citocina anti-inflamatoria, cuya principal función es detener el daño a los órganos y tejidos; jugando un importante papel en enfermedades infecciosas, inflamatorias, autoinmunes y metabólicas. Actualmente, se conoce que la concentración serológica de IL-10 se encuentra disminuida en los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en comparación con los individuos control, situación que agrava y promueve las complicaciones clínicas. Existen diversas terapias inmunomoduladoras de origen herbolario que mejoran los parámetros inflamatorios de esta enfermedad. Recientemente, se ha descrito que el Rosmarinus officinalis tiene propiedades anti-inflamatorias tanto in vitro como in vivo. Objetivo: Cuantificar las concentraciones de IL-10 antes y a los 90 días de la terapia complementaria con extracto acuoso de Rosmarinus officinalis en pacientes con DM2. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionaron 17 muestras de la Seroteca del Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, obtenidas de pacientes DM2 que estuvieron bajo tratamiento con metformina y/o glibenclamida a los cuales se les adicionó la terapia complementaria con el extracto acuoso de Rosmarinus officinalis a una dosis de 2g/litro/día durante 90 días. La cuantificación de IL-10 se realizó mediante el kit de ELISA de acuerdo a las indicaciones del fabricante. Resultados: Las concentraciones serológicas de IL-10 en los pacientes con DM2 después de la ingesta del extracto acuoso de Rosmarinus officinalis incrementaron de forma no estadística, (110.8 ± 27.38pg/mL a 131.3 (75 – 356.3) pg/mL; p=0.546). Conclusiones: A pesar que no se encontró una diferencia significativa antes y después de la terapia complementaria, sí, se observó una tendencia al incremento sobre las concentraciones serológicas de IL-10, sugiriendo un efecto inmunomodulador del extracto acuso de Rosmarinus officinalis en pacientes con DM2

Ability of innate defence regulator peptides IDR-1002, IDR-HH2 and IDR-1018 to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in animal models.

Tuberculosis is an ongoing threat to global health, especially with the emergence of multi drug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant strains that are motivating the search for new treatment strategies. One potential strategy is immunotherapy using Innate Defence Regulator (IDR) peptides that selectively modulate innate immunity, enhancing chemokine induction and cell recruitment while suppressing potentially harmful inflammatory responses. IDR peptides possess only modest antimicrobial activity but have profound immunomodulatory functions that appear to be influential in resolving animal model infections. The IDR peptides HH2, 1018 and 1002 were tested for their activity against two M. tuberculosis strains, one drug-sensitive and the other MDR in both in vitro and in vivo models. All peptides showed no cytotoxic activity and only modest direct antimicrobial activity versus M. tuberculosis (MIC of 15-30 µg/ml). Nevertheless peptides HH2 and 1018 reduced bacillary loads in animal models with both the virulent drug susceptible H37Rv strain and an MDR isolate and, especially 1018 led to a considerable reduction in lung inflammation as revealed by decreased pneumonia. These results indicate that IDR peptides have potential as a novel immunotherapy against TB

Platelet Membrane: An Outstanding Factor in Cancer Metastasis

In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis

Insight into the Burden of Malignant Respiratory Tumors and their Relationship with Smoking Rates and Lead Contamination in Mexico

We aimed to report the results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 related to respiratory malignant tumors (tracheal, bronchial, and lung) in Mexico. We also evaluated the relationship between the burden of these neoplasms and the proportion of daily smokers and total lead emissions in 2019. A cross-sectional analysis of ecological data was performed. The burden of these tumors was 152,189 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) contributed to 99% of them. The highest DALYs rates (per 100,000) were observed in the states of Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Nayarit. We documented a linear relationship between the DALYs rates and the prevalence of daily smokers (β = 8.50, 95% CI 1.58–15.38) and the total lead emissions (tons/year: β = 4.04, 95% CI 0.07–8.01). If later replicated, our study would provide insight into the major relevance of regulating tobacco use and the activities associated with the production of lead dust and other hazardous contaminants

Effect of IDR peptides on the growth of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and cytotoxicity in monocytic cells.

<p>(A) <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strain H37Rv was incubated with increasing concentrations of the indicated peptides in doubling dilutions ranging from 128 to 8 µg/mL to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). (B) The effect on monocyte viability was assessed by incubating increasing concentrations of these peptides with cells and assessing the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. The data is expressed as means ± standard deviation of 6 independent experiments with each one performed in duplicate.</p