Risk factors for moderate to severe migraine disability

Introducción: la migraña es la séptima causa de discapacidad laboral, doméstica y social en el mundo y es la principal causa de discapacidad entre las afecciones neurológicas. Los factores asociados al grado de discapacidad por migraña se han estudiado poco.Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo con influencia independiente sobre la discapacidad moderada a grave por migraña.Método: se realizó un estudio de casos y testigos en pacientes con migraña. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó mediante el programa EpiDat 3.0. La muestra definitiva se conformó con 104 pacientes con discapacidad moderada a grave (casos) y 208 pacientes con discapacidad mínima a ligera (testigos).Resultados: se observó que la frecuencia de días con cefaleas en los tres meses previos incrementó el riesgo de discapacidad moderada a grave en más de 24 veces (OR 24,24 IC95 % 8,10-72,46), tener asociadas otros patrones de cefalea casi decuplicó  el riesgo (OR 9,04 IC95 % 3,75-21,80) y tener una mala calidad del sueño lo sextuplicó (OR 6,06 IC95 % 2,29-16,06). La fonofobia moderada o intensa (OR 4,99 IC95 % 2,06-12,09); las nauseas frecuentes (OR 3,24 IC95% 1,29-8,11); la ansiedad patológica (OR 3,06 IC95 % 1,28-7,34); el abuso de analgésicos (OR 2,95 IC95 % 1,26-6,88 y la depresión (OR 2,79 IC95 % 1,09-7,21) también se comportaron como factores de riesgo.Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo con influencia independiente más importantes sobre la discapacidad moderada a grave por migraña fueron la frecuencia de cefaleas, tener asociadas otros patrones de cefalea, tener mala calidad del sueño y la fonofobia moderada o intensa.Introduction: migraine is the seventh cause of work, domestic and social disability in the world and is the main cause of disability among neurological conditions. Factors associated with the degree of migraine disability have been little studied. Objective: to identify risk factors with independent influence on moderate to severe migraine disability. Method: a case-control study was conducted in patients with migraine. The sample size was calculated using the EpiDat 3.0 program. The final sample consisted of 104 patients with moderate to severe disability (cases) and 208 patients with mild to moderate disability (controls). Results: it was observed that the frequency of days with headaches in the previous three months increased the risk of moderate to severe disability by more than 24 times (OR- 24.24; 95 % CI- 8.10-72.46), have associated other patterns of headache almost doubled the risk (OR- 9.04; 95 % CI- 3.75-21.80) and having a poor sleep quality increased sextupled (OR- 6.06; 95 % CI- 2.29-16.06). Moderate or intense phonophobia (OR- 4.99; 95 % CI- 2.06-12.09); frequent nausea (OR 3.24 95% CI 1.29-8.11); pathological anxiety (OR- 3.06; 95 % CI- 1.28-7.34); the abuse of analgesics (OR- 2.95 95 % CI- 1.26-6.88 and depression (OR- 2.79; 95 % CI- 1.09-7.21) also behaved as risk factors. Conclusions: the most important independent influencing risk factors for moderate to severe migraine disability were the frequency of headaches, associated headache patterns, poor sleep quality, and moderate or severe phonophobia

Factores de riesgo de discapacidad moderada a grave por migraña.

RESUMEN Introducción: la migraña es la séptima causa de discapacidad laboral, doméstica y social en el mundo y es la principal causa de discapacidad entre las afecciones neurológicas. Los factores asociados al grado de discapacidad por migraña se han estudiado poco. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo con influencia independiente sobre la discapacidad moderada a grave por migraña. Método: se realizó un estudio de casos y testigos en pacientes con migraña. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó mediante el programa EpiDat 3.0. La muestra definitiva se conformó con 104 pacientes con discapacidad moderada a grave (casos) y 208 pacientes con discapacidad mínima a ligera (testigos). Resultados: se observó que la frecuencia de días con cefaleas en los tres meses previos incrementó el riesgo de discapacidad moderada a grave en más de 24 veces (OR 24,24 IC95 % 8,10-72,46), tener asociadas otros patrones de cefalea casi decuplicó el riesgo (OR 9,04 IC95 % 3,75-21,80) y tener una mala calidad del sueño lo sextuplicó (OR 6,06 IC95 %, 29-16,06). La fonofobia moderada o intensa (OR 4,99 IC95 % 2,06-12,09); las nauseas frecuentes (OR 3,24 IC95% 1,29-8,11); la ansiedad patológica (OR 3,06 IC95 % 1,28-7,34); el abuso de analgésicos (OR 2,95 IC95 % 1,26-6,88 y la depresión (OR 2,79 IC95 % 1,09-7,21) también se comportaron como factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo con influencia independiente más importantes sobre la discapacidad moderada a grave por migraña fueron la frecuencia de cefaleas, tener asociadas otros patrones de cefalea, tener mala calidad del sueño y la fonofobia moderada o intensa. ABSTRACT Introduction: migraine is the seventh cause of work, domestic and social disability in the world and is the main cause of disability among neurological conditions. Factors associated with the degree of migraine disability have been little studied. Objective: to identify risk factors with independent influence on moderate to severe migraine disability. Method: a case-control study was conducted in patients with migraine. The sample size was calculated using the EpiDat 3.0 program. The final sample consisted of 104 patients with moderate to severe disability (cases) and 208 patients with mild to moderate disability (controls). Results: it was observed that the frequency of days with headaches in the previous three months increased the risk of moderate to severe disability by more than 24 times (OR- 24.24; 95 % CI- 8.10-72.46), have associated other patterns of headache almost doubled the risk (OR- 9.04; 95 % CI- 3.75-21.80) and having a poor sleep quality increased sextupled (OR- 6.06; 95 % CI- 2.29-16.06). Moderate or intense phonophobia (OR- 4.99; 95 % CI- 2.06-12.09); frequent nausea (OR 3.24 95% CI 1.29-8.11); pathological anxiety (OR- 3.06; 95 % CI- 1.28-7.34); the abuse of analgesics (OR- 2.95 95 % CI- 1.26-6.88 and depression (OR- 2.79; 95 % CI- 1.09-7.21) also behaved as risk factors. Conclusions: the most important independent influencing risk factors for moderate to severe migraine disability were the frequency of headaches, associated headache patterns, poor sleep quality, and moderate or severe phonophobia

HTLV-1 infection in solid organ transplant donors and recipients in Spain

HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite infecting 10-15 million people worldwide and severe illnesses develop in 10% of carriers lifelong. Acknowledging a greater risk for developing HTLV-1 associated illnesses due to immunosuppression, screening is being widely considered in the transplantation setting. Herein, we report the experience with universal HTLV testing of donors and recipients of solid organ transplants in a survey conducted in Spain. All hospitals belonging to the Spanish HTLV network were invited to participate in the study. Briefly, HTLV antibody screening was performed retrospectively in all specimens collected from solid organ donors and recipients attended since the year 2008. A total of 5751 individuals were tested for HTLV antibodies at 8 sites. Donors represented 2312 (42.2%), of whom 17 (0.3%) were living kidney donors. The remaining 3439 (59.8%) were recipients. Spaniards represented nearly 80%. Overall, 9 individuals (0.16%) were initially reactive for HTLV antibodies. Six were donors and 3 were recipients. Using confirmatory tests, HTLV-1 could be confirmed in only two donors, one Spaniard and another from Colombia. Both kidneys of the Spaniard were inadvertently transplanted. Subacute myelopathy developed within 1 year in one recipient. The second recipient seroconverted for HTLV-1 but the kidney had to be removed soon due to rejection. Immunosuppression was stopped and 3 years later the patient remains in dialysis but otherwise asymptomatic. The rate of HTLV-1 is low but not negligible in donors/recipients of solid organ transplants in Spain. Universal HTLV screening should be recommended in all donor and recipients of solid organ transplantation in Spain. Evidence is overwhelming for very high virus transmission and increased risk along with the rapid development of subacute myelopathy

Incidence and clinical manifestations of giant cell arteritis in Spain: results of the ARTESER register

Objective This study aimed to estimate the incidence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in Spain and to analyse its clinical manifestations, and distribution by age group, sex, geographical area and season.Methods We included all patients diagnosed with GCA between 1 June 2013 and 29 March 2019 at 26 hospitals of the National Health System. They had to be aged ≥50 years and have at least one positive results in an objective diagnostic test (biopsy or imaging techniques), meet 3/5 of the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria or have a clinical diagnosis based on the expert opinion of the physician in charge. We calculated incidence rate using Poisson regression and assessed the influence of age, sex, geographical area and season.Results We identified 1675 cases of GCA with a mean age at diagnosis of 76.9±8.3 years. The annual incidence was estimated at 7.42 (95% CI 6.57 to 8.27) cases of GCA per 100 000 people ≥50 years with a peak for patients aged 80–84 years (23.06 (95% CI 20.89 to 25.4)). The incidence was greater in women (10.06 (95% CI 8.7 to 11.5)) than in men (4.83 (95% CI 3.8 to 5.9)). No significant differences were found between geographical distribution and incidence throughout the year (p=0.125). The phenotypes at diagnosis were cranial in 1091 patients, extracranial in 337 patients and mixed in 170 patients.Conclusions This is the first study to estimate the incidence of GCA in Spain at a national level. We found a predominance among women and during the ninth decade of life with no clear variability according to geographical area or seasons of the year

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

Delayed colorectal cancer care during covid-19 pandemic (decor-19). Global perspective from an international survey

Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care