The Comparision of Serum Malondialdehyde Level Between H. Pylori Positive and H. Pylori Negative Gastritis Patients

Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic gastritis in the world, meanwhile gastritis caused by NSAIDs is the most encountered type of gastritis. Increased free radicals caused by Helicobacter pylori can cause damage in gastric mucous. Tissue damage due to free radicals can be examined by measuring malondialdehyde compound. There are many studies that proves the increased malondialdehyde in gastritis, but those studies commonly done in animal experimentation and malondialdehyde examination in gastric mucous.Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 40 dyspepsia patients who came to endoscopic unit of Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and networking hospitals by using Rome III criteria. Further examination with gastroscopy and biopsy was done to determine gastritis. H. pylori examination was done by using Campylobacter-like organism test (CLO) test. Serum malondiasldehyde level was examined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results: From total of 40 patients,24 (60%) were men and 16 (40%) were women with an average age of 47 years, the majority of the ethnic was Bataknese (57.5%). From 20 patients with H.pylori (+), the average level of malondialdehyde was 1.58 umol/mL while in 20 other patients with H.pylori (-), malondialdehyde level was 1.19 umol/mL with p value 0.013.We found the mean serum levels of malondialdehyde was higher in H. pylori positive gastritis than H. pylori negative.Conclusion: Serum Malondialdehyde level was significantly higher in patient with positive H.pylori gastritis compared to H. pylori negative gastritis

S-Index and APRI Score to Predict Liver Fibrosis Chronic in Hepatitis B and C Patients

Background: A great interest has been dedicated to the development of non invasive predictive models in recent years to substitute liver biopsy for fibrosis assessment and follow-up. The aim of this study was to comparethe accuracy between S-index and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) to FibroScan for predicting liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C patients.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 patients with chronic hepatitis B and C between January 2010 - May 2011 at Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Patients underwent laboratory examination and FibroScan, then used predictive values to assess the accuracy of S-index scores and APRI compared to FibroScan. The analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0.Results: S-index identified significant fibrosis in 87.5% patients with sensitivity (Se) 87.5% and specificity (Sp) 100%. About 67.5% of 40 patients could be identified correctly. S-index also could accurately predict the absence or presence of cirrhosis in 87.5% of the total 40 patients, with NPV 91.7% and PPV 81.25%, respectively. APRI for significant fibrosis has Se 85.7%, Sp 88%, PPV 88.8%, NPV 69.2%; while Se 53%, Sp 88%, PPV 72.7%, NPV 75.8% for liver cirrhosis. AUROC value for S-index was higher than APRI in predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis, i.e. 0.938 vs. 0.917 and 0.873 and 0.707, respectively.Conclusion: The S-index has a higher accuracy than APRI in predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection

STANDARD OF THE SPECIFIC ENTHALPY AND SPECIFIC HEAT

In this work the device and application of a standard of a specific enthalpy and specific heat which was developed in Ural research institute of metrology is considered

Fuel elements of thermionic converters

Work on thermionic nuclear power systems has been performed in Russia within the framework of the TOPAZ reactor program since the early 1960s. In the TOPAZ in-core thermionic convertor reactor design, the fuel element`s cladding is also the thermionic convertor`s emitter. Deformation of the emitter can lead to short-circuiting and is the primary cause of premature TRC failure. Such deformation can be the result of fuel swelling, thermocycling, or increased unilateral pressure on the emitter due to the release of gaseous fission products. Much of the work on TRCs has concentrated on preventing or mitigating emitter deformation by improving the following materials and structures: nuclear fuel; emitter materials; electrical insulators; moderator and reflector materials; and gas-exhaust device. In addition, considerable effort has been directed toward the development of experimental techniques that accurately mimic operational conditions and toward the creation of analytical and numerical models that allow operational conditions and behavior to be predicted without the expense and time demands of in-pile tests. New and modified materials and structures for the cores of thermionic NPSs and new fabrication processes for the materials have ensured the possibility of creating thermionic NPSs for a wide range of powers, from tens to several hundreds of kilowatts, with life spans of 5 to 10 years

Diagnostic Findings and ERCP Treatment in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice During Two Years at H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan

Background: The methods of ERCP have been used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes to pass bile fluid and extract stones from the bile duct in patients with obstructive extrahepatic jaundice. Method: A retrospective study was performed on patients with obstructive extrahepatic jaundice patients who underwent ERCP during a two-years time period from January 1999 to December 2000. ERCP was performed with a premedication of 10 mg midazolam, followed by a chollangiography contrast containing 1 mg/dl of Garamicin and 25 mg of Pethidine if sphincterotomy was performed. Results: From 126 patients with obstructive extrahepatic jaundice treated with ERCP, the male to female ratio was 1.86:1. The majority of the (group) of patients were between 51-60 years of age (33.3 % ). The youngest patient (group) was 24 years and the oldest 97 years. The diagnostic study found the following cases: normal 3 cases (2.8%), bile duct stone 46 cases (43.4%), carcinoma of ampula vater 20 cases (18.9%), CBD tumor 7 cases (6.6%), carcinoma of head of pancreas 2 cases (1.9%), diverticle 4 cases (3.8%), duodenal tumor 1 case (0.9%), carcinoma of ampula vater and bile duct stone 1 case (0.9%), SOD 5 cases (4.7%), CBD stricture 1 case (0.9%) and failure 16 cases (15.1%). The patients receivied the following treatment: sphyncterotomy 36 cases (51.4%), stent application 11 cases ( 15.7%), sphincterotomy with stent 18 cases (25.7%) and basket method 5 cases (7.1%)

Profile of Colorectal Cancer Patients in Endoscopic Unit at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital - Medan

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide every year. Rates of this Malignancy vary by country. In Indonesia, the prevalence is estimated to have an increased tendency. The objectives of this sudy was to examine the prevalence and profile of colorectal cancer, which are diagnosed by endoscopic examination. Method: The study was conducted retrospectively, by examining the Result of endoscopic findings of patients with rectal bleeding, altered bowel habit, chronic diarrhea, unexplain abdominal pain, and other signs and symptoms at The Endoscopic Unit Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Pirngadi hospital from January 2004 to June 2008. Results: We found 197 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) from 760 patients examined by colonoscopy (25.9%). One hundred and one patients (51.3%) out of 197 CRC patients were female. Most were in the group of age 51-60 years (28.9%). The most frequent ethnic of the patients were Bataknese (46.2%). The most common symptom was rectal bleeding (70.6%). The most common location of CRC was in the rectum (74.6%). Histopathologic Result was adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: The prevalence of colorectal cancer in this study were twenty six percents. Rectal bleeding appeared to be the most common sign in this study. Rectum was the most common site of the cancer. Most of patients were Bataknese. Patients were at advanced stage and most of them were having well-differentiated adenocarcinoma

TESTS FOR TYPE APPROVAL INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING GAS PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT «DARSIMETR»

Tests of measuring instruments in order to type approval - in the definition o f the metrological and technical characteristics of measuring instruments

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VERIFICATION SCHEME FOR MEASURE INSTALLATION SER AND SLER

In the research and production of semiconductor, materials widely used a 4-probe method of measuring the specific electrical resistance layer. URIM has developed the apparatus for measuring the samples of silicon single crystal. In order to certify this installation it is necessary to develop local calibration scheme