14,502 research outputs found
Use of hydraulic rating to set environmental flows in the Zhangxi River, China
Ningbo city, China, is a rapidly growing residential and industrial centre, with a current population of 4 million. Its development has required a major water supply expansion programme providing 400,000 m3 of water per day from the upper reaches of the Zhangxi River by means of a cascade of reservoirs. Water resources management is achieved through operation of two major reservoirs, Jiaokou (75 million m3) and Zhougongzhai (93 million m3). Water is released from the reservoirs, via turbines (generating hydropower), for local industry, irrigated agriculture and public supply along the lower reaches of the River and to maintain the river ecosystem. Surveys of local residents along the Zhangxi River showed its important role in aspects of life, social activity, culture and leisure. Analysis of ecological monitoring data demonstrated the diverse nature of fish, plants and invertebrates within the river. Some elements of the ecosystem have a high local economic value to local people. This paper reports an assessment of the environmental flow needed to support key species in the river ecosystem. It employs hydraulic ratings to define sections of the river where flow velocity reaches 0.5 ms-1, required to stimulate spawning of the moonlight fish, an economically important and indicator species in the river. In two out of 6 cross-sections studied, flow releases from the reservoirs meet the needs of fish. The reservoirs reduce flood flows, which may lead to a loss of deep pools that are essential for the fish to survive during winter month
An Electrostatically Preferred Lateral Orientation of SNARE Complex Suggests Novel Mechanisms for Driving Membrane Fusion
Biological membrane fusion is a basic cellular process catalyzed by SNARE proteins and additional auxiliary factors. Yet, the critical mechanistic details of SNARE-catalyzed membrane fusion are poorly understood, especially during rapid synaptic transmission. Here, we systematically assessed the electrostatic forces between SNARE complex, auxiliary proteins and fusing membranes by the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation using explicit models of membranes and proteins. We found that a previously unrecognized, structurally preferred and energetically highly favorable lateral orientation exists for the SNARE complex between fusing membranes. This preferred orientation immediately suggests a novel and simple synaptotagmin-dependent mechanistic trigger of membrane fusion. Moreover, electrostatic interactions between membranes, SNARE complex, and auxiliary proteins appear to orchestrate a series of membrane curvature events that set the stage for rapid synaptic vesicle fusion. Together, our electrostatic analyses of SNAREs and their regulatory factors suggest unexpected and potentially novel mechanisms for eukaryotic membrane fusion proteins
Implications of the Stellar Mass Density of High- Massive Galaxies from JWST on Warm Dark Matter
A significant excess of the stellar mass density at high redshift has been
discovered from the early data release of James Webb Space Telescope
(), and it may require a high star formation efficiency. However,
this will lead to large number density of ionizing photons in the epoch of
reionization (EoR), so that the reionization history will be changed, which can
arise tension with the current EoR observations. Warm dark matter (WDM), via
the free streaming effect, can suppress the formation of small-scale structure
as well as low-mass galaxies. This provides an effective way to decrease the
ionizing photons when considering a large star formation efficiency in high-
massive galaxies without altering the cosmic reionization history. On the other
hand, the constraints on the properties of warm dark matter can be derived from
the observations. In this work, we study WDM as a possible solution
to reconcile the stellar mass density of high- massive galaxies
and reionization history. We find that, the high- comoving
cumulative stellar mass density alone has no significant preference for either
CDM or WDM model. But using the observational data of other stellar mass
density measurements and reionization history, we obtain that the WDM particle
mass with keV and star formation
efficiency parameter in 2 confidence level can match
both the high- comoving cumulative stellar mass density and the
reionization history.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in RA
Endovascular treatment of ruptured distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms:report of 11 cases
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and endovascular treatment of ruptured distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms. Methods: 11 consecutive patients (7 women, 4 men, mean age of 49.2 years) with ruptured distal PICA aneurysms were studied retrospectively. All had onset of acute intraventricular or cerebellar haemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Hunt-Hess (HH) grades were H-H â… in 1 patient, H-H â…¡ in 5 patients, H-H â…¢ in 4 patients and H-H â…£ in 1 patient on admission. Results: All patients were treated by endovascular treatment, seven cases got endosaccular coiling and four cases got parent artery occlusion at the same time. All the patients were followed up one to four years. Recurrences occurred in 1 patient two years post-treatment, and were successfully retreated by endosaccular coiling and parent artery occlusion. The occluded PICA was recanalized one year post-treatment but without any growth of the aneurysm in one case. One year post-treatment, 2 patients had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0, 8 patients had a mRS score of 1 and 1 patient had a mRS score of 2. Conclusions: Coiling of ruptured distal PICA aneury, with or without parent vessel occlusion, was feasible, relatively safe and effective in preventing early/medium-term rebleeding. A strict angiographic follow-up, however, was necessary to detect recurrence.Keywords: Aneurysm, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, Endovascular treatmentAfrican Health sciences Vol 14 No. 1 March 201
Efficient Commercial Bank Customer Credit Risk Assessment Based on LightGBM and Feature Engineering
Effective control of credit risk is a key link in the steady operation of
commercial banks. This paper is mainly based on the customer information
dataset of a foreign commercial bank in Kaggle, and we use LightGBM algorithm
to build a classifier to classify customers, to help the bank judge the
possibility of customer credit default. This paper mainly deals with
characteristic engineering, such as missing value processing, coding,
imbalanced samples, etc., which greatly improves the machine learning effect.
The main innovation of this paper is to construct new feature attributes on the
basis of the original dataset so that the accuracy of the classifier reaches
0.734, and the AUC reaches 0.772, which is more than many classifiers based on
the same dataset. The model can provide some reference for commercial banks'
credit granting, and also provide some feature processing ideas for other
similar studies
A Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Energy Harvesting in Large Scale Wireless Networks
In this paper, the theoretical sustainable capacity of wireless networks with
radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is analytically studied. Specifically,
we consider a large scale wireless network where base stations (BSs) and low
power wireless devices are deployed by homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP)
with different spatial densities. Wireless devices exploit the downlink
transmissions from the BSs for either information delivery or energy
harvesting. Generally, a BS schedules downlink transmission to wireless
devices. The scheduled device receives the data information while other devices
harvest energy from the downlink signals. The data information can be
successfully received by the scheduled device only if the device has sufficient
energy for data processing, i.e., the harvested energy is larger than a
threshold. Given the densities of BSs and users, we apply stochastic geometry
to analyze the expected number of users per cell and the successful information
delivery probability of a wireless device, based on which the total network
throughput can be derived. It is shown that the maximum network throughput per
cell can be achieved under the optimal density of BSs. Extensive simulations
validate the analysis.Comment: This paper has been accepted by Greencom 201
General approach to tunable critical phases with two coupled chains
Critical phase (CP) with multifractal wave functions has attracted much
attention in the past decades. However, the underlying mechanism for this phase
is still ambiguous. Here we propose that the coupling between the localized and
the extended states in their overlapped spectra can provide a general recipe
for this phase with tunable structures. We demonstrate this picture using two
models. In the first model, we show that the CP can be realized in the
overlapped spectra with quasiperiodic potential, in which the CP regime can be
tailored by the offset between the two chains, yielding tunable CP. This phase
is insensitive to the forms of inter-chain couplings and quasiperiodic
potentials. In the second model, we consider the CP by a disordered flat bands
coupling with an extended band. We show that the localized states in the flat
bands turn into critical too. Finally, we account for the emergence of this
phase as a result of unbounded potential, which yields singular continuous
spectra and excludes the extended states. Our approach opens a remarkable
avenue for various CPs with tailored structures, which have wide applications
in higher-dimensional single-particle CPs and many-body CPs.Comment: 7+11 pages, 5+13 figure
Randomized algorithms for fully online multiprocessor scheduling with testing
We contribute the first randomized algorithm that is an integration of
arbitrarily many deterministic algorithms for the fully online multiprocessor
scheduling with testing problem. When there are two machines, we show that with
two component algorithms its expected competitive ratio is already strictly
smaller than the best proven deterministic competitive ratio lower bound. Such
algorithmic results are rarely seen in the literature. Multiprocessor
scheduling is one of the first combinatorial optimization problems that have
received numerous studies. Recently, several research groups examined its
testing variant, in which each job arrives with an upper bound on
the processing time and a testing operation of length ; one can choose to
execute for time, or to test for time to obtain the
exact processing time followed by immediately executing the job for
time. Our target problem is the fully online version, in which the jobs arrive
in sequence so that the testing decision needs to be made at the job arrival as
well as the designated machine. We propose an expected -competitive randomized algorithm as a non-uniform
probability distribution over arbitrarily many deterministic algorithms, where
is the Golden ratio. When there are two
machines, we show that our randomized algorithm based on two deterministic
algorithms is already expected -competitive. Besides, we use Yao's principle to prove lower
bounds of and on the expected competitive ratio for any
randomized algorithm at the presence of at least three machines and only two
machines, respectively, and prove a lower bound of on the competitive
ratio for any deterministic algorithm when there are only two machines.Comment: 21 pages with 1 plot; an extended abstract to be submitte
Safety of COVID-19 vaccination in women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment - Clinical study and systematic review
Background: It was suggested that vaccination in general might affect reproductive health. Safety of COVID-19 vaccination in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) treatment is not well established.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study including 536 women undergoing fresh embryo transfer after IVF/ICSI treatment in a huge IVF center in southern China to investigate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on oocyte maturation, fertilization rate, blastulation rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. In addition, we performed a systematic review of existing studies on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in women undergoing ART treatment.
Results: In our study, 268 women received inactivated or recombinant COVID-19 vaccination and 268 controls were enrolled based on propensity score matching. We observed a decreased fertilization rate and signs for impaired oocyte maturation in vaccinated women. Besides our study, there were 15 studies analyzing the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in women undergoing ART treatment. For the mRNA vaccines, no adverse signals were reported concerning oocyte maturation, fertilization rate, blastulation rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. In women being vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate were not affected, whereas oocyte maturation and fertilization rate were impaired.
Conclusions: Vaccination against COVID-19 in women undergoing ART treatment seems to be safe especially for women getting mRNA vaccines. The effects on oocyte maturation and fertilization rate of inactivated and recombinant COVID-19 vaccinations might be a safety signal and need further investigation and independent confirmation.rtilization rate, blastulation rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. In addition, we performed a systematic review of existing studies on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in women undergoing ART treatment.
Results
In our study, 268 women received inactivated or recombinant COVID-19 vaccination and 268 controls were enrolled based on propensity score matching. We observed a decreased fertilization rate and signs for impaired oocyte maturation in vaccinated women. Besides our study, there were 15 studies analyzing the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in women undergoing ART treatment. For the mRNA vaccines, no adverse signals were reported concerning oocyte maturation, fertilization rate, blastulation rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. In women being vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate were not affected, whereas oocyte maturation and fertilization rate were impaired.
Conclusions
Vaccination against COVID-19 in women undergoing ART treatment seems to be safe especially for women getting mRNA vaccines. The effects on oocyte maturation and fertilization rate of inactivated and recombinant COVID-19 vaccinations might be a safety signal and need further investigation and independent confirmation
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