Hilbert-Smith Conjecture for K - Quasiconformal Groups

MSC 2010: 30C60A more general version of Hilbert's fifth problem, called the Hilbert-Smith conjecture, asserts that among all locally compact topological groups only Lie groups can act effectively on finite-dimensional manifolds. We give a solution of the Hilbert-Smith Conjecture for K - quasiconformal groups acting on domains in the extended n - dimensional Euclidean space

MAP kinase activation by mu opioid receptor involves phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase but not the cAMP/PKA pathway

AbstractThe involvement of protein kinases was studied in mu opioid receptor activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase using cells transfected with the receptor clone. The cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is known to be the major biochemical pathway for mu opioid receptor signaling. However, our data showed that stimulating adenylyl cyclase or activating PKA had no effect on mu receptor enhancement of MAP kinase activity, suggesting that the cAMP/PKA pathway is not involved in mediating the mu receptor activation of MAP kinase. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase reduced mu receptor enhancement of MAP kinase activity, suggesting PI 3-kinase involvement. Together, these results show that cross-talk between the mu opioid receptor and the MAP kinase cascade is not mediated by the cAMP/PKA pathway, but involves PI 3-kinase

Chebyshev Polynomials and Inequalities for Kleinian Groups

The principal character of a representation of the free group of rank two into PSL(2, C) is a triple of complex numbers that determines an irreducible representation uniquely up to conjugacy. It is a central problem in the geometry of discrete groups and low dimensional topology to determine when such a triple represents a discrete group that is not virtually abelian, that is a Kleinian group. A classical necessary condition is J{\o}rgensen's inequality. Here we use certainly shifted Chebyshev polynomials and trace identities to determine new families of such inequalities, some of which are best possible. The use of these polynomials also shows how we can identify the principal character of some important subgroups from that of the group itself.Comment: 18 page

Towards a comprehensive view of the herpes B virus

Herpes B virus is a biosafety level 4 pathogen and widespread in its natural host species, macaques. Although most infected monkeys show asymptomatic or mild symptoms, human infections with this virus can cause serious neurological symptoms or fatal encephalomyelitis with a high mortality rate. Herpes B virus can be latent in the sensory ganglia of monkeys and humans, often leading to missed diagnoses. Furthermore, the herpes B virus has extensive antigen crossover with HSV, SA8, and HVP-2, causing false-positive results frequently. Timely diagnosis, along with methods with sensitivity and specificity, are urgent for research on the herpes B virus. The lack of a clear understanding of the host invasion and life cycle of the herpes B virus has led to slow progress in the development of effective vaccines and drugs. This review discusses the research progress and problems of the epidemiology of herpes B virus, detection methods and therapy, hoping to inspire further investigation into important factors associated with transmission of herpes B virus in macaques and humans, and arouse the development of effective vaccines or drugs, to promote the establishment of specific pathogen-free (SPF) monkeys and protect humans to effectively avoid herpes B virus infection

On the Order Hereditary Closure Preserving Sum Theorem

[EN] The main purpose of this paper is to prove the following two theorems, an order hereditary closure preserving sum theorem and an hereditary theorem: (1) If a topological property P satisfies (Σ′) and is closed hereditary, and if V is an order hereditary closure preserving open cover of X and each V ϵ V is elementary and possesses P, then X possesses P. (2) Let a topological property P satisfy (Σ′) and (β), and be closed hereditary. Let X be a topological space which possesses P. If every open subset G of X can be written as an order hereditary closure preserving (in G) collection of elementary sets, then every subset of X possesses P.Gong, J.; Reilly, IL. (2007). On the Order Hereditary Closure Preserving Sum Theorem. Applied General Topology. 8(2):267-272. doi:10.4995/agt.2007.1892.SWORD2672728

How to Extend 3D GBSM Model to RIS Cascade Channel with Non-ideal Phase Modulation?

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is seen as a promising technology for next-generation wireless communications, and channel modeling is the key to RIS research. However, traditional model frameworks only support Tx-Rx channel modeling. In this letter, a RIS cascade channel modeling method based on a geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) is proposed, which follows a 3GPP standardized modeling framework. The main improvements come from two aspects. One is to consider the non-ideal phase modulation of the RIS element, so as to accurately include its phase modulation characteristic. The other is the Tx-RIS-Rx cascade channel generation method based on the RIS radiation pattern. Thus, the conventional Tx-Rx channel model is easily expanded to RIS propagation environments. The differences between the proposed cascade channel model and the channel model with ideal phase modulation are investigated. The simulation results show that the proposed model can better reflect the dependence of RIS on angle and polarization.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Effect of Chinese massage (Tui Na) on isokinetic muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis

AbstractObjectiveChinese massage (Tui Na) is one of the most popular Traditional Chinese Medicine remedies for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Several studies have subjectively evaluated the effect of Chinese massage on knee OA through self-assessment questionnaires; however, very few studies have objectively assessed the effect by measuring knee muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Chinese massage in improving knee extensor and flexor muscle strength in patients with knee OA.MethodsThirty patients with knee OA received Chinese massage therapy three times per week for 2 weeks. Patients completed pre- and post-treatment Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain questionnaires, and pre- and post-treatment knee muscle strength was evaluated using the Biodex Multi-Joint System 3. Isokinetic muscle strength measurements were performed at 60 degrees/s and 180 degrees/s. The peak torque (PT), peak torque/body weight (PT/BW), total work (TW), average power (AP), hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q), and range of motion (ROM) values were recorded separately for flexors and extensors.ResultsChinese massage therapy significantly improved knee pain as assessed by the VAS in patients with knee OA (P < 0.05). Post-treatment values were significantly greater than pre-treatment values in the extensor muscles for PT (right P = 0.013, left P = 0.001), PT/BW (right P = 0.008, left P = 0.001) and TW (right P = 0.036, left P = 0.004) at 60 degrees/s. The AP increased significantly after treatment in the flexor muscles in the right knee (P = 0.009) and the extensor muscles in the left knee (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in pre- and post-treatment ROM and H/Q at 60 degrees/s and 180 degrees/s.ConclusionChinese massage therapy decreased pain and may improve extensor muscle strength in patients with knee OA, but does not appear to improve ROM