Effects of 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) on Hsp70 Gene Expression in Rainbow Trout

2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) is used to control insects on crops, household, and stored products, and treat external parasitic infections in farmed fish, livestock, and domestic animals. Ectoparasitic copepods can cause severe skin damage in fish that may lead to death through osmoregulatory failure or infection by opportunistic pathogens. There is considerable uncertainty about whether or not DDVP is implicated in cancer, and the wider environmental con- sequences of its use. In general, and specifically in developing countries and fish farming, less hazardous alternatives are available. The present experiment studied the effects of DDVP at a daily dose of 1.6 mg/l for 21 days on the expression of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Hsp70 from control and DDVP-exposed fish was ampli- fied for 20-40 PCR cycling. After the fortieth PCR cycle, the Hsp70 level in mRNA was very low in the control fish and very high in the DDVP-exposed fish, with a statistical difference of p<0.01

Catfish as an Ecotoxicological Model for Assessment of Nanoparticle Toxicity Profiling

The developing technological infrastructure has accelerated the evolution of nanoscience and encouraged the use of nanomaterials in very large areas. However, environmental liberation of nanomaterials can pose potential risks. Although different toxicity screening methodologies have been successfully used to assess the potential risks of these substances, little is known about their environmental impact. Fish are the most visible members of the aquatic ecosystem, vulnerable to toxicants. Although the ecotoxicology of fish and nanoparticles are complex, this review evaluates approaches to using catfish as a bio-indicator for the effects of nanoparticles on fish

Is Zeolite a Detoxificant: Modelling of Ferrous Chloride/Zeolite Application of Aquatic Organisms on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Determine Its Effects on Oxidative Stress

<p>Populations of native fish and aquatic ecosystems have been negatively affected by the contamination of ground and surface waters as a result of various activities. Due to the ferrous chloride (FeCl₂), which is used as the reducing agent for the organic synthesis reactions in the contamination of water column and sediment, iron salts may be very toxic for some aquatic organism. In order to minimize these effects, natural products such as zeolite have been widely used recently. For this reason, rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss<strong>)</strong></em> were exposed to FeCl₂ and/or zeolite for 28 days and their oxidative stress responses were investigated. At the end of the treatment period, oxidative stress responses were determined with antioxidant enzyme activities in the samples taken from liver and kidneys. CAT, SOD, GPx and MDA values for kidney and liver tissues were found statistically important between control and treatment groups (p&lt;0.05). In this study, zeolite application provided lower values in terms of enzyme activities, and the protective effect of zeolite for aquatic organism was supported by biochemical parameters. </p

The investigation of bioremediation potential of Bacillus subtilis and B. thuringiensis isolates under controlled conditions in freshwater

Bioremediation is widely used to remove water pollution as environmentally friendly smart solutions. In this study, Bacillus isolates were investigated in terms of the effectiveness of single and multiple cultures in eliminating aquatic pollution related to aquaculture activities. In the established experimental setups, the environments where Bacillus isolates were inoculated with single and multiple cultures at 1 x 10(7) CFU/mL were evaluated comparatively with control groups without these isolates, and total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts were performed in the petri dish by inoculation method. At the end of the 6 days of the experiment, in the environment in which single and multiple cultures of Bacillus isolates were presented with 17-20 +/- 0.05 degrees C temperature and 5.1-8.1 pH 2-4.6 mg/l dissolved oxygen values (O-2), 2% increase in total phosphorus (TP) value was observed. On the other hand, 4% removal of Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), 80% removal of Nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), and 100% removal of Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) were observed. In the changes in heavy metal concentrations, the removal of Ni, Cr, Se, Al, Cd, Mn, Fe, and B was observed from highest to lowest as 57%, 50%, 50%, 43%, 40%, 23%, 5%, and 2%, respectively. It also has been seen that B. thuringiensis isolate was observed to be more effective than B.subtilis in metal removal

The Use of Zebra Mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) as a Sentinel Species for the Microplastic Pollution of Freshwater: The Case of Beyhan Dam Lake, Turkey

The presence of microplastics (MPs) in several components of different ecosystems has aroused great concern and led to numerous studies on MP pollution. Although there has been an increasing number of these studies in aquatic ecosystems, no data about the MP pollution in zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, Pallas 1771) living in Beyhan dam lake (Elazığ, Türkiye) are available. This study aimed to investigate the presence of MPs in freshwater mussel species found in this water reservoir. The distribution and characterization of MPs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in zebra mussel (D. polymorpha) samples at four different stations. A significant difference in the MP presence between the 1st and 4th stations was observed (p D. polymorpha as a bioindicator in the aquatic ecosystems’ MP pollution

Mitigation potential of zingerone and rutin on toxicity mechanisms of nickel to zebrafish based on morphological, DNA damage and apoptosis outcome analysis

Although nickel (Ni) is an important cofactor for various enzymes in biological systems, it can cause serious problems when insufficient or excessive in an organism. Therefore, it is very important to investigate Ni in biological systems, especially in cells with its related pathogenic mechanism. This study was carried out to demonstrate the effects of zingerone (ZO) and rutin (RN) administration against nickel chloride (NiCl2) toxicity on neurobehavioral performance and brain oxidative status in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae on histological perspective. The experimental design of the study, which included twenty groups of fish, each containing 10 embryos, was prepared as semi-static and the trial continued for 96 hpf. In the obtained findings, it was determined that ZO and RN had a mitigating effect in this toxicity table where Ni caused oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae, induced DNA damage and apoptosis. A similar picture is valid for malformation processes as well as survival and hatching rates. These results showed that nickel is toxic to developing embryos via acting different mechanisms. In conclusion, we observed that ZO and RN have a greater effect on physiology, DNA damage and apoptosis than gross morphology, with a significant ameliorative effect

Effect of climate change on hematotoxicity/hepatoxicity oxidative stress, Oncorhynchus mykiss, under controlled conditions.

Described as the 'main ecological factor', temperature, strongly affects the physiological stress responses of fish. In order to evaluate the effects of temperature variations on fish culture and food value chain, the present study was designed as a climate change model. Furthermore, the present study provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the environmentally induced changes. In this direction, we examined the blood physiology and oxidative stress responses induced by temperature variation in the rainbow trout, a temperature-sensitive cold-water fish. The obtained results showed that climate changes promoted the inhibited activities' expressions and the development of potential tissue and hematological defense mechanisms against temperature-induced toxic damage. This study showed that climate change could be a subset of the studies on the stress physiology in aquaculture, which can be developed for new experimental designs and research collaborations. Furthermore, it highlights knowledge gaps to guide future research in this emerging field

Interaction of Microplastic Presence and Oxidative Stress in Freshwater Fish: A Regional Scale Research, East Anatolia of T&uuml;rkiye (Erzurum &amp; Erzincan &amp; Bing&ouml;l)

The presence of microplastic (MP) in different fish species taken from stations in Erzurum, Erzincan and Bing&ouml;l was examined. The obtained data were classified and shared with the scientific world as the first record made in this region. In the obtained results, the most dominant color was black (39&ndash;58%) and the most prevalent forms were fragment and fiber. The sizes (0&ndash;50, 50&ndash;100 &micro;m) of microplastics differed according to the region and species. When the number of MPs in the gastrointestinal systems of different fish species in the Bing&ouml;l, Erzurum and Erzincan provinces was evaluated, the most microplastics were found in Squalius squalus (20.7%) and Blicca bjoerkna (18.2%) in Bing&ouml;l province from among six different species. In Erzincan province, four fish species were sampled, and the rates were (29.7%) in Capoeta umbla and (26.6%) in Blicca bjoerkna. The highest abundance in Erzurum province was determined in Cyprinus carpio (53.0%). In the analyses performed on liver tissues, the highest ROS, which is the indicator of oxidative damage, was listed as Bing&ouml;l &gt; Erzincan &gt; Erzurum, while MDA levels were recorded as Bing&ouml;l &gt; Erzurum &gt; Erzincan, from high to low. When the differences between species were examined, the highest SOD and CAT activity was determined in the Mugil cephalus species. Considering the total MP numbers in fish samples, 47 MP was determined in this species. On the other hand, in the Squalius squalus species, where the highest total MP was determined, SOD and CAT activities were found to be low in Bing&ouml;l province. Therewithal, the high levels of ROS and MDA in this species can be said to induce oxidative stress due to the presence of microplastics on the one hand and to reduce antioxidant levels on the other hand. When the findings were evaluated, it was concluded that MPs in freshwater are a potential stressor, and freshwater environments may represent a critical target habitat for future MP removal and remediation strategies