Visual Function And Fine-motor Control In Small-for-gestational Age Infants.

To compare visual function and fine-motor control of full-term infants small-for-gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA), in the first three months. We evaluated prospectively 31 infants in the 1st month; 33 in the 2nd and 34 infants in the 3rd month, categorized as full-term; birth weight less than 10th percentile for SGA and 25th to 90th percentile for the AGA group. Genetic syndromes, infections, multiple congenital malformations were excluded. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, especially items related to visual function and to fine-motor control outcomes. The Motor Index Score (IS) was significantly lower in the SGA group in the 2nd month. The items attempts to bring hands to mouth, in the 1st month and reaches for suspended ring, in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group. The Motor IS was lower in the 2nd month and items of fine-motor control in the 1st month and in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group.62955-6

Neurologic semiology in a sample of hearing impaired children

A random sample of 42 sensorioneural hearing impaired children (severe and bilateral) was studied, from special classes in Campinas, with chronological ages varying between 4 and 7 years old. The children of this sample were compared with two control groups of 42 children of the same chronological age, from regular classes of private and public schools. All of them were submitted to the traditional neurological examination. Hearing impaired children showed differences as to head circumference and muscle tonus. In the other examined items we found motor hyperactivity, cerebellar and ocular syndromes although there were no significant differences between the groups.Foi constituída uma amostra aleatória de 42 crianças deficientes auditivas neuros-sensoriaís congênitas, profundas e bilaterais, com idade cronológica variando entre 4 e 7 anos, que frequentavam classes de habilitação da cidade de Campinas. As crianças propostas foram comparadas com dois grupos controles de 42 crianças, da mesma faixa etária, de classe comum. Todas foram submetidas ao exame neurológico tradicional. Verificou-se que os aspectos que demonstraram diferenças foram o perímetro craniano e o tono muscular. Nos demais itens avaliados, mostrou-se hiperatividade motora, síndrome cerebelar e síndrome ocular, porém não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos.34134

Evaluation of the static equilibrium in a sample of hearing impaired children

A random sample was organized with 42 children with congenital sensorineural auditory deficit (severe and bilateral) from special education schools in Campinas. Chronological ages ranged from 4 to 7 years of age. This sample was compared with two control groups of 42 children of the same chronological age but attending normal classes. All were submitted to 9 tests of the set of static equilibrium of the Evolutive Neurologic Examination. It was observed that in the position of equilibrium with opened eyes (test 8) there were no differences between the groups. In the Romberg position, the hearing impaired children of 4, 5 and 6 years of age showed a significant decrease in the ability to do the test (test 9); those of 7 years of age had equal ability whether of the control or the deficient groups. Hearing impaired children were less able to do other static equilibrium tests (heel-toe or one foot or tip-toe standing tests, with opened or closed eyes: tests 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 25 and 26). The use of detailed neurological semiology allowed us to support the alteration of the static equilibrium in this group of hearing impaired children.Foi constituída amostra aleatória de 42 crianças deficientes auditivas neurossen-soriais congênitas, profundas e bilaterais, com idade cronológica variando entre 4 e 7 anos, que frequentavam classes de habilitação da cidade de Campinas. As crianças propostas foram comparadas) às de dois grupos controles de 42 crianças, da mesma faixa etária, que apresentavam bom rendimento escolar em classe comum. Todas foram submetidas a 9 provas do setor de equilíbrio estático do Exame Neurológico Evolutivo. Verificou-se que, na posição de equilíbrio com olhos abertos, não houve diferença entre os grupos. Na posição de Romberg, foi significativamente menor o número de deficientes auditivos que a realizaram aos 4, 5 e 6 anos; aos 7 anos foi executada por igual número de controles e deficientes auditivos. As demais provas foram realizadas por número significativamente menor de deficientes auditivos nas seguintes posturas: artelho-calcâneo com olhos abertos ou fechados (provas 24 e 25), permanecer num pé só (provas 12 e 16) ou nas pontas dos pés (provas 10 e 16). O uso de semiologia neurológica detalhada permitiu documentar as alterações do equilíbrio estático nesse grupo de crianças deficientes auditivas.34635

[a Method To Evaluate Visual Ability In Infants].

The purpose of this study is to introduce a method to evaluate visual functions in infants in the first three months of life. An adaptation of the Guide for the Assessment of Visual Ability in Infants (Gagliardo, 1997) was used. The instrument was a ring with string. It was implemented a pilot study with 33 infants, selected according to the following criteria: neonates well enough to go home within two days of birth; 1 to 3 months of chronological age; monthly evaluation with no absence; subjects living in Campinas/SP metropolitan area. In the first month we observed: visual fixation (93,9%); eye contact (90,9%); horizontal tracking (72,7%); inspects surroundings (97,0%). In the third month, we observed: inspects own hands (42,4%) and increased movements of arms (36,4%). This method allowed the evaluation of visual functions in infants, according to the chronological age. Alterations in this function will facilitate immediate referral to medical services for diagnoses.62300-

Small-for-gestational-age newborn infant: repercussion on fine motor skills

OBJECTIVE: To compare the fine motor skills of full-term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants in the third month of life. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 67 infants (21 SGA and 46 AGA) in the third month of life. Infants presenting genetic syndromes, congenital malformations, congenital infections and those who needed neonatal intensive care were excluded. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with emphasis on items that evaluate the fine motor skills. RESULTS: No differences were observed between groups for motor (p=0.21) and mental (p=0.45) scales in the third month. There was a significant difference between the groups on the item Reaches for Suspended Ring (Fisher's exact test; p-value=0.02): a higher percentage of SGA infants accomplished this item in the third month of life. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that the difference found in the item Reaches for Suspended Ring could be attributed to an increased frequency of arm movements observed in SGA infants and not to a better neurodevelopment of this group.OBJETIVO: Comparar as habilidades motoras finas de lactentes nascidos a termo pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG) com as habilidades dos nascidos adequados para a idade gestacional (AIG) no terceiro mês de vida. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo observacional de corte transversal. Avaliaram-se 67 lactentes (21 PIG e 46 AIG) no terceiro mês de vida. Portadores de síndromes genéticas, malformações congênitas, infecções congênitas e aqueles que necessitaram de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal foram excluídos. As Escalas Bayley II de Desenvolvimento Infantil foram utilizadas, com ênfase nos itens que avaliam as habilidades motoras finas. RESULTADOS: Não se observaram diferenças entre os grupos na escala motora (p=0,21) e mental (p=0,45) no terceiro mês de vida. No item Alcança o Aro Suspenso, houve diferença significativa (teste Exato de Fisher; p=0,02), demonstrando maior frequência de execução para o grupo PIG no terceiro mês de vida. CONCLUSÕES: Supõe-se que a diferença encontrada no item Alcança o Aro Suspenso possa ser atribuída à grande ocorrência de movimentos dos braços observada no grupo PIG e não a uma condição melhor de desenvolvimento desse grupo.OBJETIVO: Comparar las habilidades motoras finas de lactantes nacidos a término pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG) con adecuados para la edad gestacional (AEG) en el 3er mes de vida. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se evaluaron a 67 lactantes (21 PEG y 46 AEG) en el 3er mes de vida. Síndromes genéticos, malformaciones congénitas, infecciones congénitas y aquellos que necesitaron de unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal fueron excluidos. Las Escalas Bayley II y de Desarrollo Infantil fueron utilizadas, con énfasis en los ítems que evalúan las habilidades motoras finas. RESULTADOS: No se observaron diferencias entre los grupos en la escala motora (p=0,21) y mental (p=0,45) en el 3er mes de vida. En el ítem alcanza aro suspendido hubo diferencia significativa (p=0,02; prueba Exacta de Fisher), demostrando mayor frecuencia de ejecución para el grupo PEG en el 3er mes de vida. CONCLUSIONES: Se supone que la diferencia encontrada en el ítem alcanza el aro suspendido pueda ser atribuida a la gran ocurrencia de movimientos de los brazos observada en el grupo PEG y no a una condición mejor de desarrollo en este grupo.2128Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

O que deve contemplar uma proposta de formação contínua de professores municipais?

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Hemiparetic cerebral palsy: etiological risk factors and neuroimaging Paralisia cerebral hemiparética: fatores de risco etiológico e neuroimagem

The purpose of this paper, which was conducted on 175 children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (H-CP), was to verify the etiological risk period for this disease. Etiological risk factors (ERF) were detected through anamnesis: 23% in the prenatal period, 18% in the perinatal period and 59% of the patients the period was undefined (ERF in the prenatal and perinatal period was 41% and no ERF was 18% of the cases. The computerized tomographic scan (CT) and MRI were performed on all the patients, who were then classified according to their etiopathogenic data: CT1= normal (18%); CT 2= unilateral ventricular enlargement (25%); CT 3= cortical/ subcortical cavities (28%); CT4= hemispheric atrophy and other findings (14%); CT 5= malformations (15%). CT 5 was associated with physical malformations beyond the central nervous system and with prenatal ERF's , while CT 2 was associated with the perinatal ERF's, mainly in premature births. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 57 patients and demonstrated a good degree of concordance with the CT. Etiology remained undefined in only 37% of the cases after neuroimaging was related to ERF. A high perinatal RF frequency (59%) was observed and emphasized the need for special care during this period.<br>Foram estudadas 175 crianças com paralisia cerebral hemiparética (PC-H) para elucidar o período de risco etiológico. Através da anamnese constataram-se fatores de risco para etiologia (FRE) pré-natal em 23%, perinatal em18% e período indefinido em 59% dos pacientes (com FRE pré e perinatal 41% e sem FRE 18%). A tomografia computadorizada (TC) foi realizada em todos os sujeitos e classificada de acordo com dados etiopatogênicos em: TC1= normal (18%); TC2= alargamento ventricular unilateral (25%); TC3= cavidades córtico-subcorticais (28%); TC4= atrofia hemisférica e outros achados (14%); TC5= malformações (15%). A TC5 se associada a malformações físicas fora do sistema nervoso central e aos FRE pré-natais e a TC2 aos perinatais, principalmente, nascer prematuro. A ressonância magnética foi realizada em 57 sujeitos demonstrando boa concordância com a TC. Após associação da neuroimagem e FRE a etiologia ficou indefinida em apenas 37%. Constatou-se alta frequência de FRE perinatais (59%), alertando para melhores cuidados neste período