nutrition and performance in football

Nutrition is an undeniable part of promoting health and performance among football (soccer) players. Nevertheless, nutritional strategies adopted in elite football can vary significantly depending on culture, habit and practical constraints and might not always be supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, a group of 28 Portuguese experts on sports nutrition, sports science and sports medicine sought to discuss current practices in the elite football landscape and review the existing evidence on nutritional strategies to be applied when supporting football players. Starting from understanding football?s physical and physiological demands, five different moments were identified: preparing to play, match-day, recovery after matches, between matches and during injury or rehabilitation periods. When applicable, specificities of nutritional support to young athletes and female players were also addressed. The result is a set of practical recommendations that gathered consensus among involved experts, highlighting carbohydrates periodisation, hydration and conscious use of dietary supplements.D915-7373-ED16 | Cesar LeaoN/

Neoproterozoic magmatic arc volcanism in the Borborema Province, NE Brazil : possible flare-ups and lulls and implications for western Gondwana assembly.

New zircon U-Pb (SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS), elemental and Nd-Sr geochemistry data on rhyolitic metavolcanic and metavolcaniclastic rocks of NE Brazil characterize widespread arc-related phenomena during the Neoproterozoic, related to the Concei??o-type or Stage I plutonic rocks. U-Pb zircon dating pinpoint the main phase of magmatic activity at ca. 635-600 Ma in the 700-km long sigmoidal Pianc?-Alto Br?gida domain, but other important flareups might have taken place at ca. 670-690, 730-760, 810-820 and 860-880 Ma. A comprehensive compilation of detrital zircon data from metavolcanosedimentary successions of the entire Borborema Province (n=5532) confirms the occurrence of a quasi-continuum Neoproterozoic spectra punctuated by peaks at those same age intervals separated by minor lulls. Low Th/U rims of zircon crystals dated at ca. 577 Ma provide an estimate of the age of regional transpressional metamorphism. Samples of all age ranges are mostly calc-alkaline, magnesian and peraluminous, with moderately to highly fractionated LREE enrichment, negative Nb-Ta anomalies akin to convergent settings, and plot mainly within the volcanic arc field in tectonic discrimination diagrams. Nd-Sr isotope systematics indicate the involvement of juvenile Neoproterozoic melts from the mantle wedge, which upon mixing with Archean-Paleoproterozoic basement and contamination with the host metasedimentary rocks yield Mesoproterozoic TDM mainly at 1.14-1.44 Ga, near-chondritic ?Nd(t) and 87Sr/86Sri 0.703-0.710.We put forward a model involving a major continental back-arc zone related to the development of the Concei??o magmatic arc, akin to the modern-day Taupo volcanic zone of New Zealand, crosscutting NE Brazil and presumably continuing through the schist belts of Nigeria and Cameroon. The main magmatic flare ups might have been induced by extra-arc phenomena, such as collision of the West African paleocontinent with the northwestern Borborema edge due to closure of the exterior Goi?s-Pharusian Ocean, force-speeding subduction in the interior V-shaped oceanic basins that constituted the Transnordestino-Central African Ocean and generating clockwise windshield-wiper-like rotation of the blocks back towards the S?o Francisco-Congo paleocontinent in a complete Wilson Cycle

The Ediacaran Rio Doce magmatic arc revisited, Ara?ua?-Ribeira orogenic system, SE Brazil.

Described half a century ago, the Galil eia tonalite represents a milestone in the discovery of plate margin magmatic arcs in the Ara?ua?-Ribeira orogenic system (southeastern Brazil). In the 1990's, analytical studies on the Galil eia tonalite finally revealed the existence of a Late Neoproterozoic calc-alkaline magmatic arc in the Ara?ua? orogen. Meanwhile, the name Rio Doce magmatic arc was applied to calc-alkaline plutons found in the Ara?ua?-Ribeira boundary. After those pioneer studies, the calc-alkaline plutons showing a pre-collisional volcanic arc signature and age between 630 Ma and 585 Ma have been grouped in the G1 supersuite, corresponding to the Rio Doce arc infrastructure. Here, we revisit the Rio Doce arc with our solid field knowledge of the region and a robust analytical database (277 lithochemical analyses, and 47 UePb, 53 SmeNd, 25 87Sr/86Sr and 7 LueHf datasets). The G1 supersuite consists of regionally deformed, tonalitic to granodioritic batholiths and stocks, generally rich in melanocratic to mesocratic enclaves and minor gabbroic to dioritic plutons. Gabbroic to dioritic enclaves show evidence of magma mixing processes. The lithochemical and isotopic signatures clearly reveal a volcanic arc formed on a continental margin setting. Melts from a Rhyacian basement form the bulk of the magma produced, whilst gabbroic plutons and enclaves record involvement of mantle magmas in the arc development. Tonalitic stocks (UePb age: 618e575 Ma, ?Nd(t): 5.7 to 7.8, Nd TDM ages: 1.28e1.68 Ga, 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7059e0.7118, and ?Hf(t): 5.2 to 11.7) form the northernmost segment of the Rio Doce arc, which dies out in the ensialic sector of the Ara?ua? orogen. At arc eastern and central zones, several batholiths (e.g., Alto Capim, Baixo Guandu, Galil eia, Muniz Freire, S~ao V?tor) record a long-lasting magmatic history (632e580 Ma; ?Nd(t): 5.6 to 13.3; Nd TDM age: 1.35e1.80 Ga; 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7091 e0.7123). At arc western border, the magmatic evolution started with gabbro-dioritic and tonalitic plutons (e.g., Chaves pluton, UePb age: 599 ? 15 Ma, ?Nd(t): 4.8 to 6.8, Nd TDM ages: 1.48e1.68 Ga, 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7062e0.7068, and ?Hf(t): 4.3 to 9.7; and Brasil^andia pluton, UePb age: 581 ? 11 Ma, ?Nd(t): 8.2 to 10.2, Nd TDM ages: 1.63e1.68 Ga, 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7088e0.7112, ?Hf(t): 12.3 to 14.9),followed by late granodioritic intrusions (e.g., Guarataia pluton, UePb age: 576 ? 9 Ma, ?Nd(t): 12.52 to 13.11, Nd TDM age: 1.74e2.06 Ga, 87Sr/86Sr(t): 0.7104e0.7110, ?Hf(t): 12.9 to 21.6). The Muria e batholith (UePb age: 620e592 Ma, ?Nd(t): 8.2 to 13.6, Nd TDM age: 1.41e1.88 Ga) and the Concei?~ao da Boa Vista (586 ? 7 Ma) and Serra do Valentim (605 ? 8 Ma) stocks represent a segment of the Rio Doce arc correlated to the Serra da Bol?via and Marceleza complexes, making the link between the Ara?ua? and Ribeira orogenic domains. We suggest three phases of arc development: i) eastward migration of arc front (632e605 Ma), ii) widespread magma production in the whole arc (605e585 Ma), and iii) late plutonism in the western arc region (585e575 Ma). Usual processes of volcanic arc development, like subduction of oceanic lithosphere under a continental margin, followed by asthenosphere ascent related to slab retreating and break-off may explain the Rio Doce arc evolution

Are Commodities a Good Hedge Against Inflation? A Comparative Approach

This study assesses the hedging properties of commodity futures across three dimensions: market, investment horizon and time. Measured over the full sample period (1970-2011), commodity futures show significant ability to hedge US inflation, especially for investment horizons of at least one year. Particularly commodity futures in the markets energy, industrial metals, and live cattle have favorable hedging properties. However, the hedging capacity exhibits substantial variation over time. It has been increasing since the early 1980s and reaches an historical high towards the end of the sample period. Although we establish significant hedging ability for commodity futures indices, we observe a trade-off between the reduction in real return portfolio variance realized by adding commodity futures indices to the portfolio and the expected real portfolio return