An?lise da tend?ncia de mortalidade por quedas em idosos, no Brasil, no per?odo de 2000 - 2019

Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2022

Relationship between power condition, agility, and speed performance among young roller hockey elite players

Purpose. The study was intended to describe the correlations between speed performance (11 m, 22 m, and 33 m) and agility test in skates with determinants of muscular power (squat jump, countermovement jump) in young Portuguese roller hockey athletes involved in a regional selection. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 10 male roller hockey players with mean (? SD) age of 14.20 (0.57) years, involved in the Portuguese national competition of under-15, making part of the final Oporto district selection of players to participate in inter-regional selections competition. Their mean (? SD) weight, height, body mass index, and sum of the skinfolds were 58.62 (8.78) kg, 165.72 (8.45) cm, 21.26 (1.52) kg/m2, 51.80 (14.91) mm, respectively. Furthermore, it strength was measured with squat jump and countermovement jump; sprinting time at 11 m, 22 m, and 33 m was determined, as well as time in an agility t-test, conducted in roller skating. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to test the associations. Results. Significant inverse correlations between vertical jumps, a practical method of power training monitoring, and linear velocity in skating (countermovement jump vs. speed, ?0.78) were found. Despite the increasing complexity of the agility test, a moderate inverse correlation with strength was observed, too (?0.48). Conclusions. Lower limbs explosive strength turned out a strong predictor of skating linear speed and agility among young roller hockey players, providing a simple evaluation tool of important determinants of performance.D915-7373-ED16 | Cesar LeaoN/

Effects of bodyweight neuromuscular training with and without instability on balance control in active universitarians

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of a nine-week unstable vs stable bodyweight neuromuscular training programme on balance control. Seventy-seven physically active universitarians were randomly distributed into an unstable training group (UTG), a stable training group (STG), and a control group (CG). The intervention was conducted three times a week for nine weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included static balance control under an unstable surface (eyes open (EOFS), eyes closed (ECFS), challenging visual-vestibular system (CVVS)), assessed as centre-of pressure fluctuations with a force plate. A mixed ANOVA was performed to test the within- and between-subjects factors. After the intervention, no significant differences were found between groups. All groups presented significant improvements in balance measurements in EOFS (p = 0.01), ECFS (p = 0.01; p = 0.02), and CVVS (p = 0.01) conditions. The training groups tended to have significantly better balance control (antero-posterior) than the CG on EOFS. In the CVVS condition, the UTG tended to have better balance control than the CG. There was no overall significant train ing advantage gained by using unstable or stable surfaces in terms of the improvement in static balance control in active universitar ians. Both training groups exhibited similar training adaptations.D915-7373-ED16 | Cesar LeaoN/

Effect of instability and bodyweight neuromuscular training on dynamic balance control in active young adults

The aims of this study were to analyse the effects of unstable and stable bodyweight neuromuscular training on dynamic balance control and to analyse the between-group differences after the training period. Seventy-seven physically active young adults (48 males, 29 females, 19.1 ? 1.1 years, 170.2 ? 9.2 cm, 64.1 ? 10.7 kg) were distributed into an unstable training group (UTG), a stable training group (STG), and a control group (CG). Training was conducted three times a week for nine weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures included dynamic balance control using a Y Balance Test (YBT), anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) reach direction. A mixed ANOVA was executed to test the within-subjects factor and the between-subjects factor. Statistically significant differences were found for all YBT measures within groups (p = 0.01) and between groups (p = 0.01). After the intervention, UTG and STG presented meaningfully improved results in all YBT measures (A: 7%, p = 0.01; 4%, p = 0.02, PM: 8%, p = 0.01; 5%, p = 0.01, PL: 8%, p = 0.01; 4%, p = 0.04, respectively). No statistical changes were found for any of the measures in the CG. After the intervention, significant differences were observed between the UTG and CG for the YBTA and PM (p = 0.03; p = 0.01). The results suggest that neuromuscular training using an unstable surface had similar effects on dynamic balance control as training using a stable surface. When compared to CG, UTG showed better performance in YBTA and PM.D915-7373-ED16 | Cesar LeaoN/

The relationship between static and dynamic balance in active young adults

Purpose. The objectives were to analyse differences of static and dynamic balance between sexes and test the correlations between static and dynamic balance measures. Methods. The study involved 77 physically active adults, university students (age: 19.1 ? 1.1 years; height: 170.2 ? 9.2 cm; body mass: 64.1 ? 10.7 kg). Static balance was assessed with a force platform under Romberg conditions: a foam surface, eyes open (EOFS); eyes closed (ECFS); challenging the visual-vestibular system (CVVS). The Y Balance Test (YBT) evaluated dynamic balance in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. One-way ANOVA examined potential differences between sexes, and the Pearson product-moment test verified the correlations between YBT and static balance measures. Results. Sex differences were found for all conditions in static balance variables: ellipse area (EA), centre of pressure displacement anteroposterior (DAP) and mediolateral (DML), mean velocity anteroposterior (VAP) and mediolateral (VML), total mean velocity (TV). Females presented a better stability index than males for EOFS (25% DAP, 20% DML, 30% VAP, 21% VML, 19% TV), ECFS (26% DAP, 32% DML, 28% VAP, 32% VML, 32% TV), and CVVS (27% EA, 26% DAP, 19% DML, 17% VAP, 20% VML, 18% TV). Males demonstrated 6% better performance on YBT posterolateral. Correlation tests revealed small to moderate correlations between static and dynamic balance, except for a large positive correlation between YBT anterior and sway area under the CVVS condition [r = 0.54 (0.19; 0.77)] for women. Conclusions. The findings indicate a weak relationship between static and dynamic balance in controlling posture.D915-7373-ED16 | Cesar LeaoN/

nutrition and performance in football

Nutrition is an undeniable part of promoting health and performance among football (soccer) players. Nevertheless, nutritional strategies adopted in elite football can vary significantly depending on culture, habit and practical constraints and might not always be supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, a group of 28 Portuguese experts on sports nutrition, sports science and sports medicine sought to discuss current practices in the elite football landscape and review the existing evidence on nutritional strategies to be applied when supporting football players. Starting from understanding football?s physical and physiological demands, five different moments were identified: preparing to play, match-day, recovery after matches, between matches and during injury or rehabilitation periods. When applicable, specificities of nutritional support to young athletes and female players were also addressed. The result is a set of practical recommendations that gathered consensus among involved experts, highlighting carbohydrates periodisation, hydration and conscious use of dietary supplements.D915-7373-ED16 | Cesar LeaoN/

Avalia??o por modelagem num?rica de coberturas inibidoras de drenagem ?cida de mina em pilhas de est?ril e barragens de rejeito. Estudo de casos.

Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Geotecnia. N?cleo de Geotecnia, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Os res?duos oriundos da atividade de minera??o (est?ril e rejeito) podem ser dispostos em superf?cie na forma de pilhas de est?ril e barragens de rejeito. Em muitos casos, os res?duos de minera??o de minerais sulfetados, quando entram em contato com ?gua e oxig?nio, geram um percolado rico em solu??es ?cidas, denominado Drenagem ?cida de Mina (DAM). A oxida??o de minerais sulfetados tamb?m podem gerar a Drenagem Neutra de Mina (DNM) e a Drenagem Salina (DS). Atualmente, uma das t?cnicas empregadas para prevenir estes processos ? a utiliza??o de sistemas de coberturas com solo na etapa de descomissionamento das pilhas de est?ril e barragens de rejeito. Nesta disserta??o, a aplicabilidade desta t?cnica foi estudada em uma mina a c?u aberto, localizada no estado de Goi?s, que gera res?duos ricos em minerais sulfetados. Na ?rea da mina foram constru?das ?reas testes de dep?sitos de est?reis e rejeitos, em escala real, com o objetivo de avaliar a efici?ncia de sistemas de coberturas capazes de inibir, a priori, a DAM. Esses experimentos consistiram em coberturas com diferentes tipologias e espessuras de solo, do tipo convencional e alternativo (evapotranspirativas, com ou sem barreira capilar). Cada experimento foi instrumentado com medidores de teor de umidade e de vaz?o de ?gua percolada. Realizou-se a modelagem num?rica de fluxo nos experimentos com o software VADOSE/W, em um per?odo de um ano. A etapa de calibra??o das simula??es deu-se com os dados de instrumenta??o dos sensores de umidade e do volume exfiltrado. A efici?ncia dos sistemas de coberturas tamb?m foi avaliada pela an?lise dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos dos fluxos exfiltrantes e descobriu-se que o processo em curso nos experimentos se enquadra na DNM. Os resultados indicaram que o sistema convencional de cobertura da ?rea teste de dep?sito de rejeito e a camada de cobertura com controle de compacta??o da ?rea de dep?sito de est?ril constituiriam as alternativas mais indicadas para recobrimento de barragem de rejeito e pilhas de est?ril, respectivamente. Recomenda-se futuros estudos para avaliar quais seriam as espessuras das camadas de cobertura mais adequadas para melhorar a efici?ncia destas alternativas.Residues from the mining activity (waste and tailings) can be disposed on the surface in the form of waste cells and tailing dams. In many cases, when sulfide minerals come in contact with water and oxygen, they generate a percolate rich in acidic solutions, called Mining Acid Drainage (MAD). Oxidation of sulfide minerals can also generate Neutral Mine Drainage (NMD) and Salt Drainage (SD). Currently, one of techniques employed to prevent these processes is the use of soil cover systems, in the decommissioning stage of the waste dumpings and tailing dams. In this dissertation, the applicability of this technique was studied in an open pit mine, located in the state of Goi?s that generates residues rich in sulphide minerals. In the mine area, three experimental cells and four experimental lysimeters were built, in real scale, with the objective of evaluating the efficiency of cover systems capable of inhibiting a priori MAD. These experiments consist of covers with different soil typology and thickness, conventional and alternative ones (evapotranspirative, with or without capillary barrier). Each experiment was instrumented with moisture sensors and percolated water flow meters. The numerical modeling of the experiments was carried out with VADOSE / W software, during a one-year analysis period. The simulation calibration was done with the moisture data and exfiltrant volume through the year. The efficiency of the cover systems is also evaluated by analyzing the physic-chemical parameters of the exfiltrant flow and is was found that the current process of the experiments is DNM. The results indicated that the conventional system of coverage of the tailings deposit test area and the cover layer with compaction control of the waste deposit area would be the most suitable alternatives for the tailing dam and waste cells respectively

Benznidazole self-emulsifying delivery system : a novel alternative dosage form for Chagas disease treatment.

Benznidazole (BZ) tablets are a unique form of treatment available for treating Chagas disease. Development of a liquid formulation containing BZ easy to administer orally for the treatment of paediatric patients, particularly for newborns is urgently required, with the same efficacy, safety and suitable biopharmaceutical properties as BZ tablets. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) may improve bioavailability of drugs such as BZ, which have poor water solubility and low permeability. In this context, the aim of this work was to develop a liquid BZ-SEDDS formulation as an alternative to tablets and to evaluate its cytotoxicity in different host cell lines and its efficacy in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. The optimized SEDDS formulation (25 mg/ml of BZ) induced no cytotoxicity in H9c2, HepG2 and Caco2 cells in vitro at 25 ?M level. BZ-SEDDS and free-BZ showed similar in vitro trypanocidal activity in H9c2 cells infected by T. cruzi Y strain, with IC50 values of 2.10 ? 0.41 ?M and 1.29 ? 0.01 ?M for BZ and BZ-SEDDS, respectively. A follow up of efficacy in an acute model of infected mice resulted in the same percentage of cure (57%) for both free-BZ and BZ-SEDDS- groups according to established parameters. Furthermore, no additional in vivo toxicity was observed in animals treated with BZ-SEDDS. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo data of BZ-SEDDS showed that the incorporation of BZ into SEDDS does not alter its potency, efficacy and safety. Thus, BZ-SEDDS can be a more practical and personalized orally administered liquid dosage form compared to suspension of crushed BZ-tablets to treat newborn and young children by emulsifying SEDDS in different aqueous liquids with advantage of dosing flexibility

In vivo antimalarial efficacy of acetogenins, alkaloids and flavonoids enriched fractions from Annona crassiflora Mart.

Annona crassiflora and Annonaceae plants are known to be used to treat malaria by traditional healers. In this work, the antimalarial efficacy of different fractions of A. crassiflora, particularly acetogenin, alkaloids and flavonoid-rich fractions, was determined in vivo using Plasmodium berghei-infected mice model and toxicity was accessed by brine shrimp assay. The A. crassiflora fractions were administered at doses of 12.5 mg/kg/day in a 4-day test protocol. The results showed that some fractions from woods were rich in acetogenins, alkaloids and terpenes, and other fractions from leaves were rich in alkaloids and flavonoids. The parasitaemia was significantly ( p , 0.05, p , 0.001) reduced (57?75%) with flavonoid and alkaloid-rich leaf fractions, which also increased mean survival time of mice after treatment. Our results confirm the usage of this plant in folk medicine as an antimalarial remedy