Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of portuguese olive oil

The main goal of this paper was to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of olive oil production in Portugal. A life-cycle model and inventory were implemented for the entire production process, including a comprehensive analysis of olive cultivation, olive oil extraction, packaging, and distribution. Data originates from five differently-sized Portuguese olive growers and from a total of six olive oil mills, representing the three extraction processes in use: three-phase extraction, two-phase extraction, and traditional pressing. The results show that the GHG intensity lies in the range 1.8-8.2 kg CO2eq/liter and that the main contributors were fertilizers (production and field emissions). Efficient use of fertilizers thus seems to be a key factor for mitigating the GHG intensity of olive oil production.This research was supported by project ECODEEP (Eco-efficiency and Eco-management in the Agro Industrial sector, FCOMP–05–0128–FEDER–018643) and the Portuguese Scienc

Mejora de las propiedades químicas del aceite de Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) por interesterificación enzimática

Although Amazonian oils present great potential for various applications, they have not been extensively explored for commercial use. In this study, the effects of enzymatic interesterification of buriti oil in relation to its triacylglycerol composition, regiospecific distribution of fatty acids, and minority compounds were evaluated. The results indicated that the lipase used in the reaction showed higher specificity for oleic acid and the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triacylglycerol, generating more unsaturated structured lipids. There were increases of 11% and 12.5% in unsaturated-unsaturated-unsaturated triacylglycerol types and reductions of 12.1% and 16.2% in saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated triacylglycerol types after 6 and 24 hours of reaction, respectively. At 24 h of reaction, the structured lipid formed was totally unsaturated at the three triacylglycerol positions. In addition, as the reaction conditions were mild, the carotenoids and phenolic compounds were maintained in the structured lipids. The results indicate that the enzymatic interesterification can be an alternative to produce structured lipids with new functionalities, and diversify the application of this oil from the Amazon.Aunque los aceites amazónicos presentan un gran potencial de aplicación, están poco explorados comercialmente. En este estudio, se evaluaron los efectos de la interesterificación enzimática del aceite de Buriti en relación con la composición en triacilglicerol, la distribución regioespecífica de ácidos grasos y compuestos minoritarios. Los resultados indicaron que la lipasa usada en la reacción mostró una mayor especificidad para el ácido oleico y las posiciones sn-1 y sn-3 del triacilglicerol, generando más lípidos estructurados insaturados. Hubo un aumento entre 11,0% - 12,5% en el tipo de triacilgliceroles insaturados-insaturados-insaturados y una reducción de 12,1% - 16,2% en los triacilgliceroles saturados-insaturados-insaturados después de 6 y 24 horas de reacción, respectivamente. A las 24 h de reacción, el lípido estructurado formado estaba totalmente insaturado en las tres posiciones del triacilglicerol. Además, como las condiciones de reacción fueron suaves, los compuestos carotenoides y fenólicos se conservaron en los lípidos estructurados. Los resultados indicaron que la interesterificación enzimática puede ser una alternativa para producir lípidos estructurados con nuevas funcionalidades, diversificando la aplicación de este aceite del Amazonas

On the influence of a Coulomb-like potential induced by the Lorentz symmetry breaking effects on the Harmonic Oscillator

In this work, we obtain bound states for a nonrelativistic spin-half neutral particle under the influence of a Coulomb-like potential induced by the Lorentz symmetry breaking effects. We present a new possible scenario of studying the Lorentz symmetry breaking effects on a nonrelativistic quantum system defined by a fixed space-like vector field parallel to the radial direction interacting with a uniform magnetic field along the z-axis. Furthermore, we also discuss the influence of a Coulomb-like potential induced by Lorentz symmetry violation effects on the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator.Comment: 14 pages, no figure, this work has been accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal Plu