O TRIBUNAL ECLESIÁSTICO E AS CONCUBINAS NEGRAS NO MARANHÃO SETESENTISTA

 O presente trabalho busca lançar um olhar sobre as relações concubinárias entre homens livres e mulheres negras, livres e escravizadas, através da análise de documentos do Tribunal Eclesiástico no Maranhão Setecentista. O concubinato era um tipo de relação ilícita que acabou por se configurar como uma importante forma de interação social durante o período colonial e que para as mulheres, muitas vezes, era um meio para alcançar bens materiais e ascensão social. Muitas mulheres se aproveitaram dessas relações para resistir ao sistema escravista e obter vantagens como melhoria nas condições de vida e em alguns casos, até a liberdade. Aqui, os processos do Tribunal Eclesiástico se mostram como uma janela que nos permite lançar um olhar sobre essas mulheres

Genes de resistência a ?-lactamases na água bruta do Rio Meia Ponte – Goiás / Genes of resistance to ?-lactamase in the raw water of the Meia Ponte River - Goiás

O rio Meia Ponte é um dos corpos hídricos mais importante do estado de Goiás, sendo que, beneficia não somente a população, mais também, o meio ambiente. Entretanto, com o aumento de antibióticos e poluentes presentes na água no rio, tem contribuído para o aumento de resistência a antimicrobianos e provocado prejuízos para a saúde da população consumidora dessa água. O objetivo teste estudo foi demonstrar e identificar bactérias resistentes a ?-lactamase, utilizando métodos de PCR convencional. Foi obtido amplificação de 11,1% para o gene blaCTX-M, 66,7% para os genes blaTEM e blaKPC das nove amostras de Escherichia coli testadas neste estudo. Para o gene blaSME não se obteve amplificação dentre das amostras estudadas. A identificação dessas resistências bacterianas é de extrema importância, pois podem ocasionar um problema relacionado á saúde, dificultando nas formas de tratamento do paciente que obtiver contato com essas bactérias resistentes.

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY FOR CONSUMPTION AND PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA:

Resumo: O consumo inadequado de água representa um risco para a saúde, porque leva a um aumento na incidência de doenças infecciosas propagadas pela água. Amostras de água coletadas em torneiras foram avaliadas quanto à presença de coliformes e outras bactérias, testes fenotípicos foram realizados para identificá-los e definir seus padrões de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana. Também foram analisadas a presença de metais potencialmente tóxicos e os padrões físico-químicos estabelecidos para a água consumida pelo homem. Por meio da avaliação microbiológica foi possível observar que a quantidade de coliformes na maioria das amostras é superior à recomendada pelos órgãos que regulam os padrões de potabilidade da água. Além disso, através da análise microbiológica foi possível identificar a presença de bactérias relacionadas a doenças comuns em humanos, das quais muitas apresentavam resistência a múltiplos antibacterianos. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas e dos metais potencialmente tóxicos demonstraram que esses parâmetros estão de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos para água potável pelas instituições normativas. Assim, o presente trabalho alerta para o problema da contaminação bacteriana em água para consumo de regiões quilombolas e também para o crescente problema da transmissão de genes de resistência antimicrobiana em água. Palavras chave: Coliformes. Água subterrânea. Multidroga-resistente. Físico-químico. Metais tóxicos.   Abstract: Inappropriate water consumption represents a health risk because it leads to an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases propagated by water. Samples of water collected in taps were evaluated for the presence of coliforms and other bacteria, phenotypic tests were performed to identify them and define their patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility. Were also analyzed for the presence of potentially toxic metals and for the physico-chemical standards established for human consumed water. By means of the microbiological evaluation it was possible to observe that the quantity of coliforms in the majority of the samples is superior to that recommended by the organs that regulate the water potability standards. In addition, through the microbiological analysis it was possible to identify the presence of bacteria related to common diseases in humans, of which many presented resistance to multiple antibacterial. Physico-chemical analyzes and potentially toxic metals were performed, the results demonstrated that these parameters are in agreement with the standards established for potable water by the normative institutions. Thus, the present work alerts to the problem of bacterial contamination in water for consumption of quilombola regions and also to the growing problem of the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes in water. Keywords: Coliform. Groundwater. Multidug-resistance. Physico-chemical. Toxic metals. &nbsp

Neuroproteção na ressecção cirúrgica de gliomas cerebrais: revisão da evidência atual

Os gliomas cerebrais são tumores primários do sistema nervoso central que se desenvolvem a partir de células gliais e têm alta morbimortalidade. Seu tratamento padrão envolve a ressecção cirúrgica, radioterapia e quimioterapia, os quais possivelmente podem levar os pacientes a um prognóstico desfavorável. Nesse contexto, a neuroproteção entra como uma aliada para minimizar os efeitos colaterais da ressecção cirúrgica e melhorar a sobrevida e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir sobre a evidência atual da neuroproteção na ressecção cirúrgica de gliomas cerebrais. Para isso, foram selecionados quatro artigos que que abordavam sobre a evidência atual da neuroproteção na ressecção cirúrgica de gliomas cerebrais, por meio de uma estratégia de busca com recorte temporal entre 2014 e 2023, nas bases de dados PubMed (Medline), Embase e Cochrane Library. Os resultados indicam que o grupo de pacientes que recebeu dexmedetomidina apresentou melhora significativa na cognição e redução da inflamação cerebral em comparação com o grupo-controle pós-ressecção dos gliomas cerebrais, além de menor incidência de efeitos colaterais anestésicos, como náusea e vômitos (p < 0,05). Ademais, foi observado que a modulação da via metabólica do glutamato/glutamina pode inibir o crescimento de gliomas e proteger o parênquima cerebral. Nesse sentido, as evidências atuais indicam que proteger as células nervosas é uma estratégia importante para minimizar os efeitos colaterais da ressecção cirúrgica de gliomas cerebrais, e a dexmedetomidina e a co-cultura de células de glioma e astrócitos que aumenta a concentração extracelular de glutamato e glutamina parecem ser importantes aliadas nessa profilaxia

O TRIBUNAL ECLESIÁSTICO E AS CONCUBINAS NEGRAS NO MARANHÃO SETESENTISTA

O presente trabalho busca lançar um olhar sobre as relações concubinárias entre homens livres e mulheres negras, livres e escravizadas, através da análise de documentos do Tribunal Eclesiástico no Maranhão Setecentista. O concubinato era um tipo de relação ilícita que acabou por se configurar como uma importante forma de interação social durante o período colonial e que para as mulheres, muitas vezes, era um meio para alcançar bens materiais e ascensão social. Muitas mulheres se aproveitaram dessas relações para resistir ao sistema escravista e obter vantagens como melhoria nas condições de vida e em alguns casos, até a liberdade. Aqui, os processos do Tribunal Eclesiástico se mostram como uma janela que nos permite lançar um olhar sobre essas mulheres

Identification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production in the genus Chromobacterium

Abstract The compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is primarily produced by Pseudomonas spp. DAPG plays an important role in the biocontrol disease suppressing activity of Pseudomonas spp. In the current study, we report the discovery of the DAPG biosynthetic cluster in strains of Chromobacterium vaccinii isolated from Brazilian aquatic environments and the distribution of the biosynthetic cluster in the Chromobacterium genus. Phylogenetic analysis of the phlD protein suggests the biosynthetic cluster probably entered the genus of Chromobacterium after a horizontal gene transfer event with a member of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. We were able to detect trace amounts of DAPG in wild type cultures and confirm the function of the cluster with heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. In addition, we identified and verified the presence of other secondary metabolites in these strains. We also confirmed the ability of C. vaccinii strains to produce bioactive pigment violacein and bioactive cyclic depsipeptide FR900359. Both compounds have been reported to have antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. These compounds suggest strains of C. vaccinii should be further explored for their potential as biocontrol agents

Multi-Indicators and Evidence of Cytotoxicity—A Case Study of a Stream in Central Brazil

(1) Background: Aquatic systems are important to the community and the environment, requiring careful assessment, including the monitoring of their waters. Cities are usually built close to aquatic systems, which serve as a source of water for the entire population. With the uncontrolled increase in cities, aquatic environments receive a great pollutant load. (2) Methods: In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate water contamination, evaluating multi-indicators, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity and conducting a multivariate analysis on the João Leite stream in central Brazil. (3) Results: It was demonstrated, by means of multi-indicators of water quality, that according to the CONAMA classification, current Brazilian legislation and the purpose of the João Leite stream, the water quality met some parameters (i.e., turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and bacteriological); however, in some samples, the quality was poor or very poor. Samples collected in the rainy season indicated cytotoxicity, probably due to pollutants dragged by the rain into the stream. Based on multivariate and association analysis, we suggest that the João Leite stream presents anthropogenic pollution. (4) Conclusions: This study provides data for the development of prevention, control and environmental management policies. In addition, we demonstrate that the use of multivariate statistical analyses can provide data on water pollution, its source of pollution and the association between pollutants

Multi-Indicators and Evidence of Cytotoxicity—A Case Study of a Stream in Central Brazil

(1) Background: Aquatic systems are important to the community and the environment, requiring careful assessment, including the monitoring of their waters. Cities are usually built close to aquatic systems, which serve as a source of water for the entire population. With the uncontrolled increase in cities, aquatic environments receive a great pollutant load. (2) Methods: In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate water contamination, evaluating multi-indicators, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity and conducting a multivariate analysis on the João Leite stream in central Brazil. (3) Results: It was demonstrated, by means of multi-indicators of water quality, that according to the CONAMA classification, current Brazilian legislation and the purpose of the João Leite stream, the water quality met some parameters (i.e., turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and bacteriological); however, in some samples, the quality was poor or very poor. Samples collected in the rainy season indicated cytotoxicity, probably due to pollutants dragged by the rain into the stream. Based on multivariate and association analysis, we suggest that the João Leite stream presents anthropogenic pollution. (4) Conclusions: This study provides data for the development of prevention, control and environmental management policies. In addition, we demonstrate that the use of multivariate statistical analyses can provide data on water pollution, its source of pollution and the association between pollutants

Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Antibiotics-Resistant and Multi-Resistant Bacteria and Their Correlations in One River in Central-Western Brazil

(1) Background: The uncontrolled increase in pollutants in the aquatic environment results in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARBs and ARGs). The overuse and misuse of antibiotics is also a crucial factor for public health. (2) Methods: In this study, the presence of ARBs and the presence of 24 resistance genes from eight different classes of antibiotics were evaluated in addition to performing statistical correlations and intercorrelations. Samples of water and sediment were collected from a river in central-western Brazil, responsible for supplying water to more than 3 million people. Physicochemical analyses were performed on the water samples, as well as methodological approaches based on culture and molecular biology, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (3) Results: The results of the analysis of apparent color, turbidity, thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli were not in accordance with Brazilian legislation. A total of 203 bacterial strains were isolated, of which 30.54% were from the Entero-bacteriaceae family and 29.06% from the Staphylococcaceae family. For the ARBs found, a higher prevalence of resistance to lyconsamides and β-lactams was detected. Among all isolated strains, a multi-drug resistance profile of 59.37% was found. The presence of ARGs was detected in all water and sediment samples; of the 24 genes searched, the presence of 22 was found, and the sul2 and ermC genes were detected in all samples. According to the statistical analysis, the Meia Ponte River is suffering a great anthropogenic impact, and the current Brazilian legislation is not sufficient to prevent it. This water environment is serving as a reservoir of resistance genes, and measures such as monitoring, depollution, management and preservation must be taken, so that the population does not suffer great damage. (4) Conclusions: This is the first study in the State of Goiás, Brazil, to indicate the existence of ARGs in samples of raw water and river sediments, supporting the worldwide investigation of ARBs and ARGs in a water environment. In addition, few studies address the correlations between the ARBs and ARGs groups, which is an important factor in the field of antimicrobial resistance

Evaluation of Water Quality of Buritis Lake

The implementation of natural parks in cities is a current and controversial theme. Therefore, in Lake Buritis, which is a leisure area for the population of the city of Goiatuba, Goiás, Brazil, the quality of the water was analyzed, carrying out quantitative tests of the water samples at six different points between the source and the outlet of the lake that flows into the stream, Chico À Toa. Physical–chemical tests (turbidity, pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, color, nitrate and hardness parameters), microbiological tests for species identification, analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, metals analysis and Allium cepa test, were performed. The total coliforms number in water samples was higher than the maximum value established by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating high fecal contamination during the spring in samples from an artesian well. The bacterial diversity found was large and there were many pathogenic bacteria. The A. cepa test demonstrated a cytotoxic potential for water from the source and outlet of Buritis Lake. Statistical tests were applied to verify existing correlations between parameters. Among the analyzed data, the highest correlation was between the color and turbidity parameters and the grouping between the metals (lead, iron, cadmium and magnesium)