Os caminhos da fonoaudiologia no Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS The ways of the speech-language therapy in the Unique System of Health - SUS

TEMA: os caminhos da Fonoaudiologia no Sistema Único da Saúde - SUS. OBJETIVO: realizar um breve relato da evolução das questões de saúde no Brasil e da evolução do serviço de Fonoaudiologia no Sistema Público além de realizar uma breve análise sobre a importância de pesquisas nesta área. CONCLUSÃO: o serviço de Fonoaudiologia vem apresentando avanços significativos no Sistema Único de Saúde. Desde sua inserção no SUS, entre as décadas de 70 e 80, muitos conceitos e práticas têm sido reavaliados. No entanto, é preciso que se tenha conhecimento desta caminhada para que seja possível fazê-la avançar cada vez mais. Acredita-se que este serviço merece importante atenção das ações de saúde pública e que são necessárias evidências científicas que comprovem a importância deste trabalho.<br>BACKGROUND: the ways of the speech-language therapy in the Unique System of Health - SUS. PURPOSE: to accomplish a brief report about the health questions evolution in Brazil and speech-language therapy service evolution in the Public System, in addition to carry through a quick analysis on the concern of research in this area. CONCLUSION: speech-language therapy service has been presenting significant advances in the Unique System of Health. Since its insertion in SUS, between the decades of 70 and 80, many conceptions and practices have been reevaluated. However, it is necessary to have acquaintance on this step so that we can make it to advance each time more. We believe that this service deserves important attention from the actions of public health and that scientific evidences are necessary in order to prove the significance of this work

Trypanosoma cruzi: Maintenance in Culture Modify Gene and Antigenic Expression of Metacyclic Trypomastigotes

In this study we examined whether the maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi by long-time in axenic culture produces changes in gene expression and antigenic profiles. The studies were made with a Dm30L-clone from a low-virulent strain and a non-cloned virulent EP-strain of T. cruzi. Both parasites were maintained, for at least seven years, by successive alternate passage triatomine/mouse (triatomine condition), or by serial passage in axenic medium (culture condition). The comparison of the [35S]methionine metabolic labeling products of virulent and non-virulent parasites by 2D-SDS-PAGE, clearly indicates that the expression of metacyclic trypomastigotes (but not of epimastigotes) proteins have been altered by laboratory maintenance conditions. Western blot analysis of EP and Dm30L-epimastigotes using a serum anti-epimastigotes revealed that although most of antigens are conserved, four antigens are characteristics of triatomine condition parasites and three other are characteristics of culture condition parasites. Anti-metacyclics serum revealed significative differences in EP- and Dm30L-metacyclic trypomastigotes from triatomine condition. However, avirulent metacyclic forms were antigenically very similar. These results suggest that besides a possible selection of avirulent subpopulation from T. cruzi strains genetically heterogeneous when maintained by long time in axenic culture, changes in virulence might be due to post-translational modifications of the antigens induced by the absence of the natural alternability (vertebrate-invertebrate) in the life-cycle of T. cruz