Sampled Reference Frame Algorithm Based on Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for Five Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter

In This paper the Sampled Reference Frame Algorithm for Five Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter is presented. This simple method is less computation method than Sector Identification. This SVPWM can drive any Multilevel Inverter with good DC utilization, less switching stress. This is used for high voltage and high power applications. By using Sampled Reference Frame Algorithm, there is no use of look up tables, sector selection, no need of reference voltage and angle information, 3φ to 2φ transformation. The inverter's structure of these inverters is developed by using MATLAB SIMULINK software

Diagnostic luciferase reporter phage assay for active and non-replicating persistors to detect tubercle bacilli from sputum samples

Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection is a myth for want of a simple, direct tool. Simulation of hypoxic environment was done to create a novel hypothetical model for persistence using processed sputum samples. The adaptation of tubercle bacilli to hypoxic environment seems to be influenced by pre-existing clinical status of the patients at the time of sputum collection, resulting in varied growth pattern. Bacilli from 36 samples did not get adapted to latency of which 15 samples were from patients in whom the disease was well established and the tubercle bacilli in them probably did not experience any stress whatsoever. Similarly, 10 of the 37 samples showing the presence of cultivable cells in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions were from patients who had relapsed. The bacilli in these samples had been probably experiencing stress and thus were ready to adapt to the hypoxic environment. Diagnostic luciferase reporter phage assay for non-replicating persistors (DLRPA-NRP) identified 30 additional positives which failed to grow on Lowenstein– Jensen medium. Presence of viable bacilli in these samples was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) for 16S rRNA indicating either the improved sensitivity of the assay to detect actively growing bacilli or its ability to detect non-replicating persistors. The utility of LRP assay to detect both dormant and active tubercle bacilli was explored in this work and was optimized using lysis inhibition to diagnose tuberculosis with rapidity, improved sensitivity and specificity. DLRPA-NRP, a rapid growth based assay is thus developed to detect both dormant and actively growing tubercle bacilli

Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution using Chitosan-g-Graphene /Hydroxyapatite composite

The preparation and characterisation of a polymeric composite incorporating graphene, hydroxyapatite, and chitosan as an adsorbent to remove chromium (VI) from wastewater. The FTIR and XRD studies supported the composite's production. Analysis of surface morphology and heat stability involved TGA and SEM studies. A batch adsorption was run to determine the efficacy of the adsorbent by varying contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH. The kinetics of the adsorption process were examined using pseudo-first and second order kinetic models after the equilibrium data had been fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The findings showed that pseudo second order kinetics was utilised for the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto chitosan-grafted graphene/hydroxyapatite (CS-g-Gr/HA) composite

Batch kinetic studies of adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto alginate nanoparticles/PEG binary blend

Among the most prevalent natural biopolymers is alginate. The current effort focuses on creating the binary blend of Alg-Nps/PEG. PEG is a great option because of its many distinctive qualities. Blends of polymers mix the characteristics of the separate polymers. FTIR results show intermolecular hydrogen bonding between Alg-Nps/PEG binary blend. Morphological and cross-sectional studies were analyzed using SEM. Various parameters impacting the Cu(II) ion adsorption, including pH, contact time, and adsorbent concentrations, have been examined in a batch adsorption method utilizing an Alg-Nps/PEG binary blend. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra particle Weber-Morris diffusion parameters have been determined. The experimental data fit the pseudo-second order kinetics model quite well when compared to the pseudo first order and intra-particular diffusion models

Batch kinetic studies of adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto alginate nanoparticles/PEG binary blend

Among the most prevalent natural biopolymers is alginate. The current effort focuses on creating the binary blend of Alg-Nps/PEG. PEG is a great option because of its many distinctive qualities. Blends of polymers mix the characteristics of the separate polymers. FTIR results show intermolecular hydrogen bonding between Alg-Nps/PEG binary blend. Morphological and cross-sectional studies were analyzed using SEM. Various parameters impacting the Cu(II) ion adsorption, including pH, contact time, and adsorbent concentrations, have been examined in a batch adsorption method utilizing an Alg-Nps/PEG binary blend. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra particle Weber-Morris diffusion parameters have been determined. The experimental data fit the pseudo-second order kinetics model quite well when compared to the pseudo first order and intra-particular diffusion models

Lytic Efficiency of Mycobacteriophages

Abstract: Mycobacteriophages D29 and TM4 are the two virulent phages widely used for the study of mycobacterial genetics. Both the phages are capable of killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis but the efficiency of these phages in killing has not been evaluated and compared. There are reports based on codon usage analysis where TM4 is predicted to be a better killing phage over D29 which corroborated with the whole genome in silico analysis. In addition a kill assay using 5 wild type virulent mycobacteriophages viz. D29, TM4, I3, Che7 and Che11 was performed to study the killing efficiency of these phages using LRP assay. Based on the results, D29 was found to infect all the 10 clinical strains of M. tuberculosis and significantly reduced RLU at 3 hours and this effect continued up to 24 hours. Thus, D29 is found to have better killing efficiency than TM4 contradicting the earlier predictions. In silico analysis of holin and lysin genes of TM4 and D29 substantiated our findings

Synthesis, characterization, biological and catalytic activity of carboxymethyl chitosan schiff base metal complexes

The Schiff base of carboxymethyl chitosan/p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (CMC-SB), as well as its complexes with cobalt (CMC-SB-Co), nickel (CMC-SB-Ni), and zinc (CMC-SB-Zn), were synthesised and studied using FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM. Schiff base metal complex production has been verified by the FTIR and XRD data. According to the thermal studies, the CMC-SB Zinc combination has better thermal stability than other complexes. The material is porous and rough, and the SEM results show that it has several potential uses in the biological field. The zinc complexes have increased activity when it comes to catalysis. It has been determined by the MTT test and ALP activity that the synthesised sample is non-toxic, compatible, and has good antioxidant activity