Improving the Competitiveness of Large Industrial Structures as the Basis Of Ensuring Economic Security of the State

The leading role of the competitive ability of large industrial complexes in the formation of the results of work of a national economy and ensuring the economic security of Russia is shown. Modern approaches to assessing the competitive ability of enterprises and production complexes are analyzed; their main advantages and disadvantages are shown. Methodological tools for assessing the comparative competitiveness of a production complex in comparison with the leading competitors are proposed. The toolkit is based on the determination of the position of the production complex in the current competitive environment and ae strategy for its further development; the composition of indicators for evaluation in relation to large metallurgical complexes is formed. As a practical application case, a comparative analysis of the competitiveness of domestic production complexes of non-ferrous metallurgy and leading foreign rivals is carried out. At the same time, the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC) was considered as the central subject of research. On the basis of the obtained results, directions and ways of increasing the competitiveness of the UMMC group are proposed. A forecast assessment of the UMMC’s competitive ability indicators was carried out, which allows one to assess the effectiveness of the proposed directions and paths. Whether the forecast values of the competitiveness indicators are reached depends on project programs of industrial development of UMMC enterprises in combination with the use of economic and statistical modeling. In general, the results obtained allow us to conclude that the proposed approach has a universal nature and offers a wide range of applications in tasks associated with increasing the competitiveness of domestic production complexes and strengthening the economic security of the country.Показана ведущая роль конкурентоспособности крупных производственных комплексов в формировании результатов работы национальной экономики и обеспечении экономической безопасности России. Проанализированы современные подходы к оценке конкурентоспособности предприятий и производственных комплексов; показаны их основные достоинства и недостатки. Предложен методический инструментарий оценки сравнительной конкурентоспособности производственного комплекса в сравнении с ведущими конкурентами, в основе которого лежит определение положения производственного комплекса в текущей конкурентной среде и стратегии его дальнейшего развития; сформирован состав показателей для проведения оценки применительно к крупным металлургическим комплексам. В качестве практической апробации выполнен сравнительный анализ конкурентоспособности отечественных производственных комплексов цветной металлургии и ведущих зарубежных компаний-конкурентов. При этом в качестве центрального объекта исследования рассматривалась Уральская горно-металлургическая компания. На основании полученных результатов предложены направления и пути повышения конкурентоспособности группы предприятий УГМК. Выполнена прогнозная оценка показателей конкурентоспособности УГМК, позволяющая оценить результативность предложенных направлений и путей. В основу получения прогнозных показателей конкурентоспособности были положены проектные программы производственного развития предприятий УГМК в сочетании с использованием экономико-статистического моделирования. В целом полученные результаты позволяют заключить, что предлагаемый подход имеет универсальный характер и предполагает широкие возможности применения в задачах, связанных с повышением конкурентоспособности отечественных производственных комплексов и укрепления экономической безопасности страны

Search for 2p Decay of the First Excited State of 17 Ne

Structure of nuclei located near and beyond the drip-lines plays important role in the explosive astrophysical processes. The problem of two-proton decay of the 17Ne first excited state is a good example of such situation. The two-proton radiative capture is a possible bypass of the 15O waiting point in the rp-process. The rate of this process drastically depends on the value of the weak

Risks of HIV Infection for Medical Staff. Postexposure Prophylaxis (by the Example of the Sverdlovsk Region)

Introduction. The Sverdlovsk region is on the second place among all subjects of the Russian Federation on the level of infestation of the population is HIV. The prevalence of HIV-infected residents of the Sverdlovsk region is 1.6%. This corresponds to a generalized stage of infection. Annually in medical institutions of the Sverdlovsk region up to 4 million patients with HIV infection receive various types of medical care. In these conditions increase the risk of infection employees related to their professional activities.Aims of this study was to assess the completeness and timeliness of post-exposure antiretroviral therapy to employees in case of accidents with exposure to blood and to determine their professional the risks of infection.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Sverdlovsk Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and the Department of epidemiology of the Ural State Medical University. The authors analyzed 1678 strategic messages in an emergency for 2013-2016.Results. In medical organizations of Sverdlovsk region in 2013 was introduced registration of all emergencies, regardless of the HIV status of the patient. The number of registered accidents was 6.7 ± 0.3 cases per 10 thousand employees. The frequency of emergency situations doctors have1.7 times higher than the average staff and nurses. Among nurses there was a trend to increasing frequency of emergencies, with an annual growth rate of 3.0%. Changes in the frequency of emergency situations, the doctors and nurses are not installed. The authors found considerable variation in the number of accidents according to the official registration and results of the employee survey. The frequency of emergency situations is determined by the profile of the Department, business process, profession, work experience of the employee, day of week and time of day. The number of persons who received chemoprophylaxis during emergency situations, reduced annually. Reasons for the decline were later appeal for help, the failure of prevention and the absence of indications to antiretroviral therapy in low risk of infection. The proportion of doctors who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment was higher than the proportion of paramedical staff and nurses.Conclusion. The prevention of occupational infections require legal regulation. Preventive actions should be focused on the set in the process of research risks

National Vaccination Shedule: Quality of Performance and Determining Factors

Many issues concerning the organization of vaccination of the population in polyclinics still require improvement. The aim of the study is to assess the completeness and timeliness of vaccination of children in an outpatient setting and to identify factors affecting the adherence to vaccination of parents and medical staff. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the history of child development and maps of preventive vaccinations of 631 children under 18 months of age to establish the completeness and timeliness of vaccinations against infections, approved by National immunization schedules. The authors analyzed the reasons for the lack of vaccinations and violations of the start and end of vaccination. To assess the population's attitude to vaccination, a survey of 865 parents and 1325 employees of medical organizations were conducted. In order to study the activity of discussion on the Internet issues related to vaccination, the number of records in the network on this topic and their content for 2007–2017 were analyzed. Results. The authors found that the coverage of children with vaccinations in the decreed age is insufficient and does not meet the requirements of National immunization schedules. The reasons for unvaccinated children in the maternity hospital were refusal of vaccination and medical contraindications (prematurity and low birth weight, respiratory failure, neonatal jaundice, HIV infection in the mother). In the clinic the leading causes of violation of the schedule of vaccination was temporary medical branches (the acute diseases), the late turnout at vaccination and refusals of immunization of parents. In assessing the attitude of parents to vaccination, the authors found that 79.3% of parents were positive, 6.4% – negative and 14.3% expressed doubts about the effectiveness and safety of vaccination. The main source of information was the opinion of health workers, among whom the survey revealed 187 people who are negative about vaccination. The opinion of relatives, friends and information received on the Internet were less authoritative. In assessing the monitoring data on the Internet, there was a significant increase in the number of people interested in and discussing the issues of vaccine prevention in social media, including their negative feedback. Conclusion. Authors recommend increasing the compliance of vaccine prophylaxis of medical workers, to form a positive attitude to vaccination among the population and to increase the coverage of vaccinations

Measles. Characteristics of the Epidemic Process and its Determinant in Real-Time Conditions (on the Example of a Measles outbreak in Yekaterinburg in 2016)

Introduction. Measles still poses a threat to the inhabitants of the planet. In different regions of the world and the Russian Federation are recorded instances of contamination and subsequent infection with formation of foci with a significant number of victims. Measles has a high reproduction rate of the infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the main characteristics of the epidemic process of measles and its determinants in realtime for direct and indirect control of epidemic process. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the data of official registration of the incidence of measles the population of Ekaterinburg from 1988 to 2016, and medical records of cases of measles in 2016. We used epidemiological, clinical and statistical research methods. Results. The authors found that the epidemic process of measles has undergone significant changes. Measles was not registered in the city from 2001 to 2015, the unit drifts measles-endemic territories didn't leak. However, the situation changed at the end of 2016. It was 72 clinically and laboratory confirmed case of measles in a period of 11 weeks. The largest proportion of cases were in children who are not vaccinated against measles. The average age of infection in children was 3.8 years. 59 measles epidemic foci were formed during the flash. Foci were registered in families, educational institutions and health care organizations. The most active spread of the infection was in medical organizations. The spread was associated with the presence of susceptible children and adults, serious shortcomings in terms of timely diagnostics of measles in the first and subsequent cases, violations in the organization of antiepidemic measures. Conclusion. 1. Despite positive shifts in the direction of measles elimination, it remains an actual infection, reserving opportunities for distribution among unvaccinated adults and children. 2. A special feature of the outbreak of measles in the territory of Yekaterinburg was the spread in medical organizations with the formation of secondary foci along the routes of following sick children and adults. The share of foci in medical organizations was 15.2% of the number of all foci, and the number of cases in any - 70.8% of registered cases.3. The significance of previously vaccinated cases as potential sources of infection in the foci is not high, the incidence rate when in contact with them is 0.53 ± 0.15, whereas in contact with previously not vaccinated - 7.94 ± 0.56

The main results of monitoring the power of the active layer at CALM sites of the Nadymsky object

Monitoring of the thickness of the active layer within the lake-marsh type of terrain in the northern taiga was carried out at three sites organized in 1997, 2013 and 2022. In these areas, two types of tracts are distinguished: frozen peat bogs and swampy runoff hollows with a lowered roof of permafrost (the cross-section of the sites is the same type, the only difference is in the thickness of the peat). The work methodology complied with the unified protocol of the international CALM program. Additionally, the surface settlement was assessed (based on leveling from a local benchmark), geophysical studies were carried out and the temperature of the active layer rocks was measured at different gullies. In swampy runoff hollows, hollows with open water and on specific mineral spots within peat bogs, the depth of the permafrost roof is 3–10 m. At the boundaries of peat bogs and in swampy runoff hollows, the thawing depth exceeds 2 m, and on peat bogs it varies from 0.8 to 1.6 m depending on the thickness of the organic layer and the condition of the ground cover. On peatlands with an organic layer more than 1 m thick and a continuous ground cover, the depth of the seasonal thawing layer in some places does not exceed 0.4 m. These peatlands respond poorly to climate change. The depth of the permafrost roof within thin peat bogs (less than 0.5 m of peat) with oppressed vegetation cover is currently more than 2 m, marking the beginning of the replacement of the seasonally thawed layer with seasonally frozen and the formation of areas with a lowered permafrost roof. Monitoring of soil temperatures in such areas has showed that a random combination of climatic factors in individual years can lead to short-term (two years) new formation of permafrost or the merging of seasonal permafrost with permafrost. Thus, the formation of non-merging permafrost is of a reciprocating nature