Survey of Bacteriological Quality of the Drinking Water in Rural Areas of Saqqez City

"n "nBackgrounds and Objectives:Safe drinking water providing is one of the main purposes in the community. Development and improvement of community is related to the public health. In this study !we studied the bacteriological quality of 116 villages under coverage of the water and wastewater companies in rural areas of Saqqez in.1386"nMaterial and Methods:Drinking water of these rural areas have provided of deep, semi-depth- wells and spring water sources. Because in numerous rural areas both sources of drinking water and in some of them different sources of drinking water were used (old and new storage water source), in general, 359 samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory for testing to evaluate its quality. We also used linear Regression statistical analysis for collected data."nResults:results show that residual chlorine in drinking water in 33.88 percent of rural areas population were in range 0.2-1 mg/l. For 98.3 percent of the seqqez rural population, the turbidity was lower than the maximum permissible levels of drinking water standards of Iran (5 NTU). There was no any E.coli contamination in 88 percent of drinking water in saqqez rural areas."nConclusion:Based on WHO guidelines concerning the microbial quality of water published in 2006! the average indicator for lack of E.coli in water of rural areas of seqqez was 88 percent and water is safe or good for drinking

Detection of P53 exon 6 mutions in colorectal cancer patients by PCR-SSCP method in Isfahan Hospital during 2004 -2005

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer througout the world. Incident rate of CRC is different depending on geographical area. The cause of CRC is multifactrial, including diet, environment and genetic. P53 gene is the most important tumor suppressor gene involved in CRC. This study was designed to detect the P53 exon 6 mutation in the colorectal cancers at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2004-2005. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 40 colorectal patients cancer reffering to Isfahan Hospitals from 2004 to 2005. After pathological diagnosis, DNA was extracted by phenol chloroform isoamil alcohol in genetic. Exon 6 of the P53 gene was mutiplied using specific primers in a PCR assay and then the mutations were detected by gel electrophoresis and SSCP analysis. Results: From 40 specimens, 9 (22.5) were in the rectum and 31 (77.5) were in the colon. 7 cases (17.5) had P53 mutation and 33 cases (82.5) had no mutation in exon 6. Conclusions: According to this study exon 6 P53 gene mutation could be considered as a current exon in colorectal cancers in Isfahan

3D tripolar antenna and method of manufacture

In various embodiments, a three-dimensional (3D) printed tripolar antenna fabricated through additive manufacturing techniques to match the geometries of various commercial wireless node packages is provided. The antenna systems are designed to mitigate harsh channel conditions by implementing polarization diversity between three mutually orthogonal monopoles

Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Gene Polymorphism and Diabetic Nephropathy

Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism; genotype DD or D allele may be involved with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). We examined the frequency of ACE gene polymorphism in 170 patients (85 type 2 diabetes with nephropathy and 85 without it) in Tehran, Iran. DNA was extracted from the white blood cells and the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene was detected by PCR. The frequency of DD, ID and II genotypes in type 2 diabetic patients were 20%, 61.2% and 18.8%, and in patients with nephropathy 30.6%, 55.3%, 14.1%, respectively. The DD genotype of the DN group was higher than that of the type 2 diabetes patients (30.6% vs 20%, P=0.157, RR=1.3) and the control group (30.6% vs 14.3%, P=0.006, RR=2.9). The frequency of D allele in nephropathic patients was 58.2% as compared to the type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy (50.5%) P=0.19, RR=1.16. The D allele frequency in the DN group was found slightly higher than of the type 2 diabetes (X2=0.684, OR=0.709, 95%CI: 0.313-1.606, P=0.408) which indicated the D allele was not associated with DN. It is suggested that DD genotype and D allele are not associated with diabetic nephropathy

Assessment of working interactions of emergency team members using social network analysis

Introduction: Emergency situations are of the major challenges in industries. Understading the status of inter-team interaction is effective in improvement of emergency response team (ERT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction space of ERP in a refinery, using the social network analysis (SNA). .Methods and Materials: In the present case study, the density indicator was used to examine the interaction space in the ERT. The obtained data were analyzed, employing UCINET 6.0 social network analysis program. .Results: The findings showed that the ERT has the relatively low concentration with the density of 0.2 overall, the result reflect a low level of interactions among response reams at emergency situations management. .Conclusion: The presented approach provided an appropriate image of interactions network among the emergency response teams. The social network analysis can be used for assessing the interactions of the emergency response teams

Thermodynamic and anticancer properties of inorganic zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized through co-precipitation method

In this paper, inorganic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized through co-precipitation method and after evaluating their physicochemical properties by using TEM and XRD techniques, the bio-thermodynamic and structural parameters upon interaction of ZnO NPs with human serum albumin (HSA) were determined by using fluorescence, UV?vis, CD and molecular docking studies. Also, the selective anticancer effects of ZnO NPs on leukemia (K562) cells were explored by using different cellular and molecular assays. It was determined that the crystalline structure of ZnO NPs has a diameter of about 30 nm. Thermodynamic parameters and docking analysis indicated that the hydrophobic forces mediate the formation of static complex between ZnO NPs and HSA molecules. UV?vis and CD spectroscopic methods showed that the melting temperature (Tm) and secondary structure of HSA, respectively remain substantially unchanged by increase of ZnO NPs. Anticancer assays demonstrated that ZnO NPs trigger an inhibitory impact on the proliferation of K562 cells while being safe against lymphocyte normal cells. Exposure of K562 cells to ZnO NPs resulted in membrane leakage, activation of caspase-9, -3, overexpression of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, increase in the level of ROS, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis/necrosis. In conclusion, it may be suggested that ZnO NPs can be utilized as potential agents in the development of anticancer platforms.Scopu

High prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae, in a cholera outbreak in Tehran�Iran, during June�September 2008

Following the occurrence of suspected cases of Vibrio cholerae in Karaj in 2008, this study was conducted in order to determine whether or not the cases were infected with cholera and, if so, to describe the prevalence of serotypes, route of transmission and the antimicrobial resistance profile. In this cross-sectional study, 6505 rectal swabs were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis. Serotypes and biotypes of the isolates were determined by standard procedures. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 45 Inaba and 30 non-agglutinating (NAG) strains was determined. From 6505 specimens, 110 (1.69) were defined as V. cholerae, including 70 (63.3) V. cholerae O1 serotype Inaba biotype El Tor and 40 (36.4) NAG Vibrios. The case fatality rate was 0.9. Inaba strains were 100 resistant to nalidixic acid and amoxicillin, 95.7 resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 91.3 resistant to furazolidone while the highest frequency of resistance in NAG Vibrios was 77.4 to erythromycin. The lowest resistance rate belonged to ciprofloxacin to which just one NAG strain was resistant. Results suggests an increase in resistance of V. cholerae to several antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin can still be used as first-line treatment of cholera in this region. © 2010, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved