The TAB1-p38α complex aggravates myocardial injury and can be targeted by small molecules

This paper explores the question of identity formation in the blogosphere (that is, do bloggers identify as such) from the perspective of a cultural history of blog technologies, incorporating the early origins of internet technologies

Advancements in risk stratification and management strategies in primary cardiovascular prevention

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for advancements in risk ssessment and management strategies. Although significant progress has been made ecently, identifying and managing apparently healthy individuals at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis and those with subclinical atherosclerosis still poses significant challenges. Traditional risk assessment tools have limitations in accurately predicting future events and fail to encompass the complexity of the atherosclerosis trajectory. In this review, we describe novel approaches in biomarkers, genetics, advanced imaging techniques, and artificial intelligence that have emerged to address this gap. Moreover, polygenic risk scores and imaging modalities such as coronary artery calcium scoring, and coronary computed tomography angiography offer promising avenues for enhancing primary cardiovascular risk stratification and personalised intervention strategies. On the other hand, interventions aiming against atherosclerosis development or promoting plaque regression have gained attention in primary ASCVD prevention. Therefore, the potential role of drugs like statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, omega-3 fatty acids, antihypertensive agents, as well as glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory drugs are also discussed. Since findings regarding the efficacy of these interventions vary, further research is still required to elucidate their mechanisms of action, optimize treatment regimens, and determine their long-term effects on ASCVD outcomes. In conclusion, advancements in strategies addressing atherosclerosis prevention and plaque regression present promising avenues for enhancing primary ASCVD prevention through personalised approaches tailored to individual risk profiles. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts are imperative to refine these strategies further and maximise their effectiveness in safeguarding cardiovascular health.Highlights: - Recent advancements in ASCVD management focus on identifying at-risk individuals and plaque regression strategies; - ASCVD can manifest without traditional risk factors, necessitating a paradigm shift in preventive approaches; - Targeting plaque progression rather than just traditional risk factors is crucial for preventing adverse events; - Personalised medicine, advanced imaging, and biomarker research offer new avenues for refining risk stratification; - Integrating genetic, imaging, and biomarker data, alongside AI tools, promises to optimize cardiovascular risk management.M.A.-R. received a Postdoctoral Junior Leader - INCOMING Fellow ship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID: 100010434) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska Curie grant agreement No. 847648 (fellowship code: LCF/BQ/PI21/11830009). C.M. is supported by piano di sostegno alla ricerca dotazione 2022 (LINEA 2 AZIONE A), University of Milan. E. R.S. is supported by an AHA grant with the reference 24POST1183446. L.R. is funded by the Research Council of the University of Antwerp (BOF UAntwerp ID: 45846) and the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO)- Flanders (G060723N). E.P.C.v.d.V. is supported by a grant from the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research within the faculty of Medicine at the RWTH Aachen University.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio