98 research outputs found
Dietary and Other Risk Factors in The Aetiology of Cholelithiasis: A Case Control Study
We studied the effect of dietary factors and a variety of other risk factors on the development of
cholelithiasis through a case control study
Hereditary risk factors for the development of gastric cancer in younger patients
BACKGROUND: It is believed that the development of gastric cancer (GC) before the age of 50 has a hereditary basis. Blood group A and history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives have been shown to be risk factors for GC. METHODS: In this case-control study, we enrolled patients with GC who were diagnosed before the age of 50. Patients who were diagnosed as having GC were selected. A total of 534 cases were found; of these, 44 diagnosed before the age of 50 were included in the case group. For the control group, 22 males and 22 females were randomly selected from the remaining subjects, who had diagnoses of GC after the age of 50. All the surviving patients and family members of the dead patients were interviewed about the history of cancer in the family and the age at which other family members developed cancer. The blood group of each subject was also obtained. RESULTS: forty-four cases under 50 years old (mean age: 36.2 years) and forty-four controls (mean age: 67.1 years) were enrolled in the study. At the time of the study, 59.1% of the study group and 50% of the control group were alive (P value = NS). In the study group, 68.1%, 13.6%, 13.6% and 4.5% had blood groups O, A, B and AB, respectively. In the control group the corresponding figures were 27.7%, 63.6%, 6.8% and 4.5%. First or second-degree relatives with cancer, including gastric (the most frequent), breast, lung, gynecological and hematological malignancies, were noted in 54.5% of the cases and 11.4% of the controls (p < 0.01). Family histories of cancer were accepted as valid provided that they were based on valid medical documents. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the development of GC before the age of 50 is likely to be accompanied by familial susceptibility. Interestingly, our study showed a significant correlation between blood group O and the development of gastric cancer under the age of 50
Use of the pylorus for preventing ileostomy complications - An experimental canine study
PURPOSE: Conventional ileostomy, as it is well known, presents with
persistent watery diarrhea, among other complications. The present-day
modified methods of conventional ileostomy cannot effectively prevent
these unpleasant consequences. The purpose of this study was to try to
use the sphincter mechanism of the pylorus in ileostomy in dogs
experimentally to prevent the above symptoms. METHOD: Following a highly
selective vagotomy, the antrum with the pylorous and a 3-cm segment of
the duodenum were separated from the gastrointestinal tract along with
its vasculature and innervation, and the distal duodenal end was closed.
Then, the terminal loop of ileum (before an ileostomy was performed) was
dissected, and the distal segment was anastomosed with the proximal end
of duodenum; the proximal segment of this loop was anastomosed with the
stump of the antrum. The gastrointestinal continuity was established by
anastomosis of the gastric stump to the first loop of the jejunum.
RESULTS: After the procedure, the sphincter mechanism of the pylorus was
preserved, and bowel movements became solid and infrequent, so a
colostomy bag could be applied consistently. CONCLUSIONS: Similarity of
anatomy and physiology of the alimentary tract in dogs and humans favors
possible application of this procedure to humans, with better results
than with conventional ileostomy
Evaluation of cathepsin D immunostaining in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Background and Objectives: Cathepsin D (CD), an estrogen-regulated
lysosomal protease, has been detected in a variety of tissues, Cn
expression has been correlated with the invasive potential of breast
cancer, acting as an autocrine mitogen or as a protease that degrades
the extracellular matrix, The role of CD expression in predicting
prognosis or invasive potential in colorectal carcinomas is mostly
unknown.
Methods: CD immunohistochemical expression was studied in 60 surgical
specimens of colon adenocarcinomas, A three-step avidin biotinylated,
horseradish immuno-peroxidase (ABC-HRP) staining technique was performed
on 4 mu m paraffin-embedded tissue sections with a polyclonal antibody
to CD.
Results: Carcinoma cells showed positive CD immunostaining in 41.6% of
adenocarcinomas (50%, 43.7%, 37.5%, and 25% of Dukes’ Stage A, B, C,
and D, respectively). Nonneoplastic stromal cells demonstrated positive
staining in 68.3% of the adenocarcinoma specimens (37.5%, 62.5%,
91.6%, and 75% of Stage A, B, C, and D, respectively). Patients with
coloreclal carcinomas exhibiting simultaneously negative and positive CD
expression in malignant and stromal cells, respectively, had a worse
5-year overall survival (P < 0.05). The mean 5-year survival of the 16
patients overexpressing CD in nonneoplastic stromal cells (>15% of
stromal cells positive for CD) was significantly worse in comparison
with the rest of the adenocarcinomas (n = 44) (27.6 +/- 4.6 vs. 46 +/-
2.7 months, respectively, P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Expression of CD immunoreactivity by the stromal cells may
be associated with a more invasive phenotype. Therefore, CD expression
in tumor and stromal cells may serve as an important indicator of
progression and guide postoperative treatment. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc
- …