The lung in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)

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Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

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Recent Experiences in the Respiratory Unit of the Johannesburg Hospital

The importance of respiratory disease in medicine is emphasized. One hundred and thirtyfive cases were referred to the Respiratory Unit in a 5-month period. These cases 'have been analysed in terms of age, sex and major disease. Fifty-six patients,of whom 47 had intermittent positive pressure respiration, required treatment in an intensive care unit. Twenty-two patients died in the intensive care unit-a mortality rate of 39%. Also discussed and briefly illustrated are problems of intermittent positive pressure respiration, tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation, cardiac arrhythmias, oxygen toxicity, fat embolism and tetanus

The electrocardiogram in chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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Two notions of scientific justification

Scientific claims can be assessed epistemically in either of two ways: according to scientific standards, or by means of philosophical arguments such as the no-miracle argument in favor of scientific realism. This paper investigates the basis of this duality of epistemic assessments. It is claimed that the duality rests on two different notions of epistemic justification that are well-known from the debate on internalism and externalism in general epistemology: a deontological and an alethic notion. By discussing the conditions for the scientific acceptability of empirical results, it is argued that intrascientific justification employs the deontological notion. Philosophical disputes such as those on scientific realism can by contrast be shown to rest on the alethic notion. The implications of these findings both for the nature of the respective epistemic projects and for their interrelation are explored