1,051 research outputs found
New mammals from eastern Panama
During the early part of the present year I was again detailed from the Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture to field work in connection with the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone. Additional collections of mammals and birds were made in January and February in the Canal Zone. From the latter part of February to near the end of June work was carried on in eastern Panama to determine the faunal relation of the region to the Canal Zone and the better known areas to the westward and northward. The work was centered in the Pirri range of mountains which rises to a height of over 5,000 feet near the Colombian boundary southeast of San Miguel Bay...(Document contains 20 pages
Student Rights And The Disciplinary Process In Constitutional Law
This study established the extent to which the state statutes of all 50 states provided for a legal description of the constitutional rights of students and the disciplinary process; The study was descriptive in nature and provided for a systematic analysis of statutory enactment in the area of student rights and the disciplinary process; From an analysis of the local Clark County School District Rules and Regulations on student rights and the disciplinary process, the study progressed to an analysis of the statutes of all 50 states to determine if statutory language contained in the codes conformed to the decisions of the United States Supreme Court in the three landmark cases under consideration in this study; The three landmark cases dealt with the rights of students and the disciplinary process. They were the 1969 case of Tinker v. Des Moines, the 1975 case of Goss v. Lopez, and the 1977 case of Ingraham v. Wright; Tinker dealt with the First Amendment rights of students to freedom of speech and expression while at school while Goss dealt with the Fourteenth Amendment rights of students to due process in school suspension cases. Ingraham dealt with both the Eighth Amendment\u27s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment as well as the Fourteenth Amendment\u27s requirement of due process as applied to the use of corporal punishment in the public schools; It was found that the statutes of all 50 states varied greatly and that there was little uniformity. It was also found that there was ambiguity in statutory language and that many states failed to clarify who was to assume responsibility for dealing with the issues of student rights as it pertained to the disciplinary process; It was concluded, however, that where states have amended or revamped their codes subsequent to the decisions of the Supreme Court in the three landmark cases, notice was taken of those decisions by the state legislatures; Finally, proposals were made for the inclusion of prototype bills into the statutes of all 50 states designed to assist school officials to implement the law
Correspondence
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72365/1/j.1748-720X.1981.tb00293.x.pd
Descriptions of new mammals from Panama and Mexico
Further study of the collection of mammals taken by the writer while detailed from the Biological Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, to the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone has resulted in the discovery of eleven new species and subspecies in addition to those already published...(Document contains 22 pages.
Identifying Planetary Biosignature Impostors: Spectral Features of CO and O4 Resulting from Abiotic O2/O3 Production
O2 and O3 have been long considered the most robust individual biosignature
gases in a planetary atmosphere, yet multiple mechanisms that may produce them
in the absence of life have been described. However, these abiotic planetary
mechanisms modify the environment in potentially identifiable ways. Here we
briefly discuss two of the most detectable spectral discriminants for abiotic
O2/O3: CO and O4. We produce the first explicit self-consistent simulations of
these spectral discriminants as they may be seen by JWST. If JWST-NIRISS and/or
NIRSpec observe CO (2.35, 4.6 um) in conjunction with CO2 (1.6, 2.0, 4.3 um) in
the transmission spectrum of a terrestrial planet it could indicate robust CO2
photolysis and suggest that a future detection of O2 or O3 might not be
biogenic. Strong O4 bands seen in transmission at 1.06 and 1.27 um could be
diagnostic of a post-runaway O2-dominated atmosphere from massive H-escape. We
find that for these false positive scenarios, CO at 2.35 um, CO2 at 2.0 and 4.3
um, and O4 at 1.27 um are all stronger features in transmission than O2/O3 and
could be detected with SNRs 3 for an Earth-size planet orbiting a
nearby M dwarf star with as few as 10 transits, assuming photon-limited noise.
O4 bands could also be sought in UV/VIS/NIR reflected light (at 0.345, 0.36,
0.38, 0.445, 0.475, 0.53, 0.57, 0.63, 1.06, and 1.27 um) by a next generation
direct-imaging telescope such as LUVOIR/HDST or HabEx and would indicate an
oxygen atmosphere too massive to be biologically produced.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal Letter
A MultiWavelength Study of the Symbiotic Mira HM Sge with SOFIA and HST
We have targeted the dusty symbiotic mira system HM Sge with four instruments
from the IR to the UV. We have used these observations along with archival
observations to study how the system has been evolving after its 1975 nova-like
outburst. We have detected ro-vibrational water emission in a symbiotic system
for the first time using new EXES high spectral resolution infrared
spectroscopy. The features, detected in emission, have velocities consistent
with the systemic velocity but do not show any clear evidence of high velocity
outflows. Mid-infrared photometry and grism spectroscopy show that the
oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) dust and dust output has shown little
to no change over the past 39 years. In the optical/UV, we detect three main
[NII] nebular features that were detected 22 years ago. Two of these features
show a small amount of movement corresponding to average outflows speeds of 38
kms and 78 kms since they were previously observed; some previously detected
[NII] features are no longer visible. New UV spectroscopy has shown that the
nebular environment continues to steadily relax after the system's 1975
outburst. The data suggest however, that the hot component has increased in
temperature from 200,000 K in 1989 to now greater than 250,000 K. Our new and
archival observations suggest that the evolution of the system after its
outburst is swift with little to no major changes after a period of a couple
years.Comment: Accepted in Ap
Left ventricular to left atrial communication secondary to a paraaortic abscess: Color flow doppler documentation
Aortic root abscess occurs frequently in aortic prosthetic valve infective endocarditis. The present echocardiography report documents a ruptured abscess that led to a direct communication between the left ventricular outflow tract and the left atrium confirmed by real-time (color flow) Doppler imaging
Evaluation of PD-L1 expression on vortex-isolated circulating tumor cells in metastatic lung cancer.
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly fatal and immunogenic malignancy. Although the immune system is known to recognize these tumor cells, one mechanism by which NSCLC can evade the immune system is via overexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Recent clinical trials of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have returned promising clinical responses. Important for personalizing therapy, patients with higher intensity staining for PD-L1 on tumor biopsies responded better. Thus, there has been interest in using PD-L1 tumor expression as a criterion for patient selection. Currently available methods of screening involve invasive tumor biopsy, followed by histological grading of PD-L1 levels. Biopsies have a high risk of complications, and only allow sampling from limited tumor sections, which may not reflect overall tumor heterogeneity. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) PD-L1 levels could aid in screening patients, and could supplement tissue PD-L1 biopsy results by testing PD-L1 expression from disseminated tumor sites. Towards establishing CTCs as a screening tool, we developed a protocol to isolate CTCs at high purity and immunostain for PD-L1. Monitoring of PD-L1 expression on CTCs could be an additional biomarker for precision medicine that may help in determining response to immunotherapies
Detecting and Constraining N Abundances in Planetary Atmospheres Using Collisional Pairs
Characterizing the bulk atmosphere of a terrestrial planet is important for
determining surface pressure and potential habitability. Molecular nitrogen
(N) constitutes the largest fraction of Earths atmosphere and is likely
to be a major constituent of many terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres. Due to its
lack of significant absorption features, N is extremely difficult to
remotely detect. However, N produces an N-N collisional pair,
(N), which is spectrally active. Here we report the detection of
(N) in Earths disk-integrated spectrum. By comparing spectra from
NASAs EPOXI mission to synthetic spectra from the NASA Astrobiology
Institutes Virtual Planetary Laboratory three-dimensional spectral Earth
model, we find that (N) absorption produces a ~35 decrease in flux
at 4.15 m. Quantifying N could provide a means of determining bulk
atmospheric composition for terrestrial exoplanets and could rule out abiotic
O generation, which is possible in rarefied atmospheres. To explore the
potential effects of (N) in exoplanet spectra, we used radiative
transfer models to generate synthetic emission and transit transmission spectra
of self-consistent N-CO-HO atmospheres, and analytic N-H
and N-H-CO atmospheres. We show that (N) absorption in the
wings of the 4.3 m CO band is strongly dependent on N partial
pressures above 0.5 bar and can significantly widen this band in thick N
atmospheres. The (N) transit transmission signal is up to 10 ppm for an
Earth-size planet with an N-dominated atmosphere orbiting within the HZ of
an M5V star and could be substantially larger for planets with significant
H mixing ratios.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 46 pages, 12
figures, 3 table
- …