Children’s attentional breadth around mother: Comparing stimulus-driven versus cognitively controlled processes

Attentional processes in children are tuned towards their mother. It is unclear whether this is a cognitively controlled or more automatic, stimulus-driven process. Therefore, 172 children (age 9-13) were assigned to either a cognitively controlled or a stimulus-driven task measuring the breadth of their attentional field around mother. Results demonstrated a narrower field around mother in the more stimulus-driven measure. Moreover, only for the latter task, this effect was linked with the interaction between children’s age and self-reported trust in maternal support. More trust was linked with a narrower attentional field around mother in younger children, but with a less narrow field in older children. This resembles the expected age-related shift towards increased autonomy and points at stimulus-driven attentional processes.status: publishe

Baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized monotherapy phase 3 trial in the United States and Canada (BREEZE-AD5)

Background: Baricitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase 1/Janus kinase 2 inhibitor, is being studied for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baricitinib monotherapy in a North American phase 3 trial (BREEZE-AD5/NCT03435081) of adults with moderate-to-severe AD who responded inadequately or were intolerant to topical therapy. Methods: Patients (N = 440) were randomized 1:1:1 to once-daily placebo or baricitinib (1 mg or 2 mg). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% reduction in the Eczema Area and Severity Index at week 16. A key secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a validated Investigator Global Assessment for AD score of 0 (clear)/1(almost clear) with ≥2-point improvement. Results: At week 16, the proportion of patients achieving Eczema Area and Severity Index was 8%, 13%, and 30% (P \u3c.001, 2 mg vs placebo) and those with a validated Investigator Global Assessment for AD score of 0/1 were 5%, 13%, and 24% (P \u3c.001, 2 mg vs placebo) for placebo, baricitinib 1 mg, and baricitinib 2 mg, respectively. Safety findings were similar to those of other baricitinib AD studies. Limitations: Short-term clinical trial results may not be generalizable to real-world settings. Conclusion: Baricitinib was efficacious for patients with moderate-to-severe AD with no new safety findings over 16 weeks