Determination of in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of shoot and root extracts of Astragalus diphtherites FENZL var. diphtherites and Astragalus gymnalopecias RECH. FIL. obtained by different solvents

WOS: 000441467900008Objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of shoot and and root parts of Astragalus diphtherites var. diphtherites (A. diphtherites) and Astragalus gymnalopecias (A.gymnalopecias) species which were subjected to solvent series with different polarity. Total phenolic, total flavonoid, 2.2-diphenyl - 1 - picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). metal chelating, reducing power and hydroxy radicals scavenging activities of the extracts were tested to determine antioxidant. properties. The highest total phenolic content of A. diphtherites. was obtained from the methanol extract of shoots and the acetone extract of root parts. On the other Antimicrobial. hand. the highest total phenolic content in A. gymnalopecias were achieved from methanol extract of shoot parts and the ethyl acetate extract of the root part. The highest amount of total flavonoids and reducing power activities of A. diphtherites and A. gymnalopecias were obtained from the acetone extracts in the shoot. part and from the ethyl acetate extracts in the root part. While the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined in the methanol extract in the shoot part and the acetone extract in the root part of A. diphtherites. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity for A. gymnalopecias was determined in the methanol extract of the shoot part and the ethyl acetate extract of the root part. The highest metal chelating activity was seen in the methanol extracts from shoot parts and in the hexane extracts from the root part of A. diphtherites. The ethyl acetate extracts of the shoot and root part in both species showed the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. It. was determined that. acetone and methanol extracts of the shoot part of A. gymnalopecias have inhibition effect on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes.Dicle University [DUBAP-07-01-25]The present work was carried out under the financial support of Dicle University (DUBAP-07-01-25)

Phenolic Content and Biomolecule Oxidation Protective Activity of Globularia alypum Extracts

ABSTRACT The protective activity of methanolic (Met E) and aqueous (Aq E) extracts of Globularia alypum L. (G. alypum) against DNA, lipid and protein oxidative damage was investigated. Moreover, the scavenging, chelating, and reducing power activities of the extracts were also evaluated. Phytochemical analysis was performed to determine phenolic compounds. Results showed that Met E and Aq E were rich in phenolic compounds, and were able to scavenge DPPH˙ with IC50 values of 48.61 µg/mL and 51.97 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, both extracts were able to chelate ferrous ions. At 300 μg/mL, the chelating activity was 97.53% and 91.02%, respectively. The reducing power of these extracts was also remarkable and concentration dependent. At 100 µg/mL, both extracts inhibited lipid peroxidatin by only 42.45% and 4.03%. However, the DNA oxidation damage was inhibited dose-dependently in the presence of G. alypum extracts. At 1 mg/mL, both extracts suppressed DNA cleavage by 83%-84%. The protein oxidation was also inhibited by G. alypum extracts. At 1 mg/mL, Aq E and Met E protected BSA fragmentation by 77%-99%. The overall results suggest that G. alypum extracts exerted antioxidant activity and protect biomolecules against oxidative damage; hence it may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants

Prevalence of Anosmia in 10.157 Pediatric COVID-19 Cases: Multicenter Study from Turkey.

Introduction: COVID-19-related anosmia is a remarkable and disease-specific finding. With this multicenter cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anosmia in pediatric cases with COVID-19 from Turkey and make an objective assessment with a smell awareness questionnaire. Material and Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted with pediatric infection clinics in 37 centers in 19 different cities of Turkey between October 2020 and March 2021. The symptoms of 10.157 COVID-19 cases 10-18 years old were examined. Age, gender, other accompanying symptoms, and clinical severity of the disease of cases with anosmia and ageusia included in the study were recorded. The cases were interviewed for the smell awareness questionnaire at admission and one month after the illness. Results: Anosmia was present in 12.5% (1.266/10.157) of COVID-19 cases 10-18 years of age. The complete records of 1053 patients followed during the study period were analyzed. The most common symptoms accompanying symptoms with anosmia were ageusia in 885 (84%) cases, fatigue in 534 cases (50.7%), and cough in 466 cases (44.3%). Anosmia was recorded as the only symptom in 84 (8%) of the cases. One month later, it was determined that anosmia persisted in 88 (8.4%) cases. In the smell awareness questionnaire, the score at admission was higher than the score one month later (P < 0.001). Discussion: With this study, we have provided the examination of a large case series across Turkey. Anosmia and ageusia are specific symptoms seen in cases of COVID-19. With the detection of these symptoms, it should be aimed to isolate COVID-19 cases in the early period and reduce the spread of the infection. Such studies are important because the course of COVID-19 in children differs from adults and there is limited data on the prevalence of anosmia