Executive Functions and Neurology in Children and Adolescents

This chapter discusses the theoretical and methodological issues of creating a developmental perspective on executive function (EF) in childhood and adolescence. Focusing on school periods, this section outlines the development of the basic components of EF—inhibition, working memory, and attention. Cognitive and neurophysiological evaluations show that despite the emergence of EF in the first few years of life, it continues to grow significantly in childhood and adolescence. The components vary slightly according to their developmental sequence. The chapter links findings to long-standing developmental issues (i.e. developmental sequences and processes) and suggests the necessary research to establish a developmental framework covering early childhood throughout adolescence

Community Participation in People with Disabilities

Despite the fact that participation is an important building and a valuable target, the conceptualization, identification and measurement methods vary widely. This chapter tried to gain an insider’s perspective from the obstacles that summarize what meaning participation means, how to characterize it, and what prevents and supports participation. Participation is seen as a right and a responsibility attributed to and attributed to both the person and the community. Participation does not take place in a vacuum; the environment dynamically influences participation. The effects of this conceptual framework are discussed for change at the level of evaluation, research and systems to support the participation of the people with disability

Stigma in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of the society can be associated with avoidance of treatment-seeking behaviors and reduced quality of life for the individual with mental illness. Among these problems, individuals with mental impairment are exposed to unfair behavior in the criminal justice system, restrictions on social facilities, and most importantly, reduced their roles in their life and community participation. Although researches have gone far to understand the impact of the disease, it has only recently begun to explain stigma in mental illness. Much yet needs to be done to fully understand the breadth and scope of prejudice against people with mental illness. Therefore, this chapter presents the stigmatization and its historical development and types and stigma in mental health and obsessive-compulsive disorders to provide a brief overview of issues in the area. Moreover, this chapter presents the occupational therapy interventions in stigma both in adults and children with obsessive compulsive disorder

Assistive Technology in Occupational Therapy

In this chapter, occupational therapists from leading specialists exploring ways they can collaborate with assistive technology (AT) users to help them get the most out of these devices. By gratefully acknowledging the advances in technology of the last century, people with disabilities can live independent lives, contribute to their communities, attend regular schools, and work in a career. This technological development means medically switching to a social model of technology presentation, where users are as much focused on social reintegration as their physical abilities. This change means that field workers will not be able to focus on delivering technology on their own but will have to go one step further and partner with consumers and communities to ensure that the aids are used in the best possible way

Telerehabilitation: An Updated View of Practices, Cost Analysis, and Client Perceptions

Telerehabilitation is an alternative and complementary rehabilitation method in which information and communication technologies are used to remove the distance between healthcare professionals and clients. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid adoption of telerehabilitation services, limiting the in-person rehabilitation services available all over the world. The restrictions that started with the COVID-19 pandemic also negatively affected rehabilitation services, clients, and healthcare professionals, and it was considered essential to provide services using telerehabilitation technology. Therefore, this review aimed to examine and inform health professionals\u27 telerehabilitation practices such as remote assessment, evaluation, intervention, monitoring, supervision, education, and follow-up during the pandemic. This review aimed to present the practice areas, advantages, disadvantages, perceptions, and cost analysis results of telerehabilitation practices to healthcare professionals, considering the standards the American Telemedicine Association set

Psychometric properties of the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish people

OBJECTIVES: The determinants of subjective well-being have been largely investigated in recent years. According to Pavot and Diener who have developed TSWL (Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale), to assess the life satisfaction level of an individual according to temporal factors, subjective well-being is composed of two constructs: an emotional or affective component (i.e. positive and negative affects) and a conceptual or cognitive component (i.e. satisfaction with life, marriage, work, and leisure). The aim of this study was to adapt the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale into Turkish (TSWLS-T) and examine the reliability and validity of this new Turkish version. METHODS: The study was conducted in four phases with randomly chosen 236 participants (113 females, 123 males) and the mean age of sample was 38.6 ± 12.5 years. Cultural adaptation was implemented according to the internationally suggested method and a pre-test was administered to examine the language equivalence. Since the scale had high levels of language equivalence, validity and reliability studies were conducted. For construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was employed. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used in order to evaluate the validity of TSWLS-T, since internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class coefficients) and test–retest analysis were employed to estimate instrument reliability. RESULTS: The TSWLS-T demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 for the total scale and ranging between 0.76 and 0.88 for the subscales. The test–retest reliability was also satisfactory, with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.81 for the total scale and ranging between 0.61 and 0.74 for the subscales (p < 0.01). Fit indices of the model supported the factor structure. However, the 1st, 5th, and 11th items in scale (past, present, and future) showed a series of problems. With these items excluded, the 12-item model provided a better fit to the data than the 15-item model while the factor structure remained almost unchanged. The author recommends that the 12-item TSWLS be used to measure temporal life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The TSWLS-T is a valid and reliable measure to assess life satisfaction in Turkish