Turkey’s Map of Emotions and Its Political Reflections

Political psychology is an interdisciplinary scientific field that that combines politics and psychology to explore the effect of emotions in politics. It examines the backgrounds of political decisions at the individual and community levels. This study analyzes the political decisions of voters in Turkey, focusing on positive and negative reactions, such as trust and fear. Using conclusions drawn from the Addiction Map of Turkey Study (TURBAHAR), which involved interviews with approximately twenty-five thousand participants during five months in 2018, this study analyzed the results of local elections held in thirty metropolitan districts and fifty-one provinces in Turkey on March 31, 2019. Eighty-six percent of the electorate participated in the elections. The data are organized into three groups or zones that identified vote pool areas: the People’s Alliance (Zone 1), consisting of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP); the Nation Alliance (Zone 2), consisting of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) and the IYI Party; and the People’s Democratic Party (HDP) (Zone 3). This study tries to interpret the decision mechanisms and the positive and negative emotions of the voters in these three zones. The aim of the study is to analyze the recent psychopolitical reactions of Turkish voters in terms of anger, identity, inequality, uncertainty, polarization, discrimination, and tolerance of the society

Avaliação da eficácia da eletroconvulsoterapia contínua para esquizofrenia resistente ao tratamento

Background : Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been reported being a safe and effective treatment in schizophrenia. However, there are a limited number of studies assessing continuation ECT utilization in patients with schizophrenia giving partial response to pharmacological treatment. Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of continuation ECT in preventing relapse in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Methods : In this retrospective analysis, schizophrenia patients (n = 73) were defined in three groups such as patients who received only AP treatment (only AP), patients who received acute ECT only during hospitalization (aECT+AP), patients who received acute ECT and continuation ECT (a-cECT+AP). Three groups were compared according to positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. Results : As per comparison of only AP group, aECT+AP group and a+cECT+AP groups in terms of after discharge PANSS and after discharge BPRS scores for 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month; 3rd and 6th month’s PANSS scores of a+cECT+AP group were statistically significantly lower than other two groups. Discussion : Although this study suffers the limitations of retrospective medical chart analysis, results suggest that, in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who have responded to an acute course of ECT, continuation ECT in combination with antipsychotics is more effective than antipsychotics alone in preventing relapse.Contexto : A eletroconvulsoterapia (ECT) tem mostrado ser um tratamento seguro e eficaz para esquizofrenia. No entanto, o número de estudos que avaliam a utilização contínua de ECT em pacientes com esquizofrenia e a resposta parcial ao tratamento farmacológico é limitado. Objetivo : O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia da ECT de continuação na prevenção de recaída em pacientes com esquizofrenia resistente ao tratamento. Métodos : Nesta análise retrospectiva, pacientes com esquizofrenia (n = 73) foram alocados em três grupos: pacientes que receberam apenas o tratamento AP (somente AP), pacientes que receberam um curso agudo de ECT durante a hospitalização (aECT+AP) e pacientes que receberam um curso agudo de ECT durante a hospitalização e ECT de continuação (a-cECT+AP). Esses três grupos foram comparados de acordo com a pontuação atribuída na Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) e na Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Resultados : De acordo com a comparação dos grupos, somente em AP, aECT+AP e a+cECT+AP, em termos de PANSS e BPRS, após descarga no primeiro, terceiro e sexto mês, as pontuações na PANSS no terceiro e sexto mês no grupo a+cECT+AP foram estatística e significativamente menores do que nos outros dois grupos. Conclusões : Embora este estudo mostre limitações causadas pela análise retrospectiva de prontuários, os resultados sugerem que a continuação da ECT em combinação com antipsicóticos é mais eficaz do que somente os antipsicóticos, na prevenção da recaída em pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia que responderam ao curso agudo de ECT

Morpholocial and Functional Recovery of Brain Associated with Sobriety from Alcoholism

Amaç: Alkolizm beyinde serebral hacim kaybının ve nöropsikolojik bozulmaların eşlik ettiği beyaz ve gri madde hasarına yol açar. Ancak alkol kesilmesi ve ayıklık (sobriety) döneminin ilk günlerinden itibaren serebral hacim kaybı, metabolik ve nöropsikolojik bozukluklar kısmen de olsa geri dönüşümlüdür. Yöntem: Bu gözden geçirme yazısında alkol bağımlılığında ayıklık döneminde beyinde izlenen yapısal ve fonksiyonel düzelmeler ele alınmış ve konuyla ilgili çalışmalar özetlenmiştir. Bulgular: Nörogenezde artış, kolin düzeyinde yükselme, gri ve beyaz cevherde büyüme, beyin devrelerinde reorganizasyon, yeni nöronların oluşumu ve ventriküllerde küçülmenin yanı sıra nörogenezin artmasına paralel olarak yürütücü işlevlerde, bellek ve dikkatte düzelme, davranışsal kontrol ve duygudurumda iyileşme de izlenir. Araştırmalar ayıklık döneminde düzenli fiziksel egzersiz programı uygulanması ile nörogenezin hızlanabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Sosyal içicilik ya da yasal sınırlar içindeki düşük miktarlarda alkol kullanımının da nörogenez üzerine olumsuz etkiler gösterdiğini bildiren çalışmalar, alkol bağımlılığı sonrasında beyin işlevleri zarar görmüş kişilerin ayıklık döneminde alkolden tamamen uzak durmalarının önemini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Ayıklık döneminde izlenen nöronal düzelmenin mekanizmalarının anlaşılması ile beyin rejenerasyonuna ait bir model geliştirilebilecek ve gelecekte diğer nörodejeneratif hastalıkların tedavisinde yol gösterici olabilecektir

Comparison of effects of bright light therapy alone or combined with fluoxetine on severity of depression, circadian rhythms, mood disturbance, and sleep quality, in patients with non-seasonal depression.

Purpose: To compare effects of bright light therapy (BLT) alone or combined with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine, on severity of depression, circadian rhythms, mood disturbance, and sleep quality, in patients with non-seasonal depression. Patients and methods: Drug-free patients who were administered 10,000 lux of BLT for 30 minutes for 7 days comprised the BLT group (n = 7), while patients who started fluoxetine as an add-on treatment day comprised the SSRI + BLT group (n = 8). The primary outcomes were severity of depression, measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); chronotype, measured using the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); mood disturbance, measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) survey; and sleep quality, measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), before and after treatment in both groups. Results: All patients completed the study, and none reported obvious side effects. The mean onset age of depression was 26.1 years ± 5.3 years in the BLT group and 27 years ± 9.5 years in the SSRI + BLT group (P = 0.425). The number of past depressive episodes was 1.29 ± 0.76 in the BLT group, and 1.5 ± 0.8 in the SSRI + BLT group (P = 0.427). The difference between pre- and posttreatment scores revealed no significant difference between groups for the HAM-D scale, BDI, MEQ, POMS survey, and the PSQI. Conclusion: This study suggests that BLT is effective with respect to the severity of depression, circadian rhythms, mood disturbance, and sleep quality, in non-seasonal depression. However, there was no evidence in favor of adjunctive fluoxetine with BLT in the treatment of non-seasonal depression, for any of the rating scales used in our study

Somatic Treatments in Treatment of Depression During Pregnancy

Although some psychotropic drugs are known to be teratogenic no psychotropic drug is of proven safety for treatment of depression during pregnancy. Untreated mood disorders during pregnancy pose significant risks for mother and the newborn. This review focuses on the use of somatic tretments of depression during pregnancy.Electroconvulsive therapy, bright light therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation are relatively safe and effective treatments during pregnancy if steps are taken to decrease potential risks. A clear information related to the somatic treatment should be given to the patient and informed consent should be obtained. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2015; 7(3.000): 244-254

Olfactory reference syndrome: A case treated with sertraline and olanzapine.

Olfactory Reference Syndrome (ORS) is a rare psychiatric condition in which the affected person has a certain belief that his/her body odor is foul or unpleasant and his/her occupation on this issue leads to a loss of functionality. ORS patients blame themselves because of the smell they emit and avoidance behaviors are evident. Major depressive disorder comorbidity rate is very high. In our case, we have an ORS patient with major depressive disorder (recurrent) and panic disorder comorbidity who suffers from avoidance behavior and loss of functionality due to the thoughts of emitting sweat and foot odor since 23 years. Sertraline- Olanzapine combination therapy and behavioral therapy has been applied; there was a significant improvement in the symptoms

Dezomorfin (krokodil) Bağımlılığı.

Objective: Research has been done for the purpose of determining the effect of interpersonal addictions of school of health students to substance use cases. Method: 376 students who are registered in a school of health’s departments of nursing, midwife, feeding and dietetic in 2012 - 2013 school years, formed the sample group of research planned in sectional type. To make the research, written approval from the institution and spoken approval from students were gotten. A poll form which includes socio-demographic characteristics and Interpersonal Addiction Criterion were used as data collection means. Results: 7.9 percent of participants were men and 14.8 percent of participants were students of nursing department, average age of participants was 21.04 ±1.56. Women compared to men, feel more emotional confidence and less social self-confidence. It was determined that the ones who say ‘’ Yes ‘’ to the question “Have you ever used any substance?” feel less lack of social self-confidence, compared to the ones who say ‘’ No ‘’. Most of the students think that there is no connection between substance use and communication manner. It was determined that lack of social self-confidence is felt minimum among students who study in Departments of Feeding and Dietetic and a statistical meaningful difference has been established. Conclusion: According to the results of the research students are interpersonal dependent and autonomic so they have the risk of making substance use decisions. For this reason it is suggested that especially university students who will take charge in health discipline, should be evaluated and supported by dependence units.Amaç: Araştırma sağlık yüksek-okulu öğrencilerinin kişilerarası bağımlılıklarının madde kullanma durumlarına etkisini saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte planlanan araştırmanın örnek grubunu, 2012-2013 öğretim yılında bir sağlık yüksekokulu Hemşirelik, Ebelik ve Beslenme ve Diyetetik bölümlerine kayıtlı 376 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmayı gerçekleştirebilmek için kurumdan yazılı, öğrencilerden sözlü onam alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; sosyo-demografik özellikleri içeren anket formu ve Kişiler Arası Bağımlılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %7.9’u erkek, %14.8’i hemşirelik bölümü öğrencisi olup, yaş ortalaması 21.04 ±1.56’dır. Kadınlar erkeklere göre daha fazla duygusal güven, daha az sosyal özgüven yaşamaktadır. “Daha önce herhangi bir madde kullandınız mı?” sorusuna ‘evet’ diyenlerin, ‘hayır’ diyenlere göre sosyal özgüven eksikliğini daha az yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin çoğunluğu madde kullanma ile iletişim tarzı arasında ilişkinin olmadığını düşünmektedir. Sosyal özgüven eksikliğini en az Beslenme ve Diyetetik bölümünde okuyan öğrencilerin yaşadığı belirlenmiş, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre öğrenciler kişilerarası otonomik ve bağımlılar, buna bağlı madde kullanım kararlarını alma riskine de sahipler. Bu nedenle özellikle sağlık disiplininde görev alacak üniversite öğrencilerinin bağımlılık birimleri tarafından değerlendirilmesi ve desteklenmesi önerilmektedir