Self-support in the Indian church

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1941/thumbnail.jp

The transition to post-secondary education for Canadian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal students : a focus on adjustment, fit and anticipated persistence.

Why do some first year students continue and others leave before their second year? This has been a pressing question for a number of years. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in examining the experiences of first-year post-secondary students and identifying the factors that are associated with their attrition and persistence. In Canada, there is a specific need to understand the experiences of the Aboriginal people. This group of individuals has shown significantly lower post-secondary completion rates than the non-Aboriginal population, and many view their participation in higher education as being the key to a better future. The purpose of this research was to explore factors associated with the adjustment and anticipated persistence of first year Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students. To this end, the connections between adjustment, person-environment fit, anticipated persistence and a number of psychosocial and background variables were investigated using a quantitative-descriptive mixed method design. In the first part of the study, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants within a university context and Aboriginal participants alone within a college environment were followed from the fall of their first year (N=316) to the spring of their first year (N=159) in order to examine the first year transition experience. In the second portion of the study, a subset of Aboriginal students (N=11) was interviewed about their post-secondary experiences in order to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the transition experience. Full or partial support was found for the majority of the hypotheses related to adjustment, fit, and anticipated persistence. In the present study, academic, social and personal-emotional adjustment were each associated with subjective fit, beliefs about the transition experience, social support, and academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, each type of adjustment was also associated with additional unique correlates. This research also highlights that anticipated persistence is complex, with a number of background factors (e.g., high school preparation), psychosocial factors (e.g., beliefs about the transition experience, social support, academic self-efficacy) as well as adjustment and person-environment fit being relevant to this decision. In addition, this research highlights that Aboriginal students do not have poorer adjustment or fit compared to their non-Aboriginal peers but that they do have lower levels of anticipated persistence. A discussion of these and other findings as well as the implications and limitations of the present study is provided

Interactions between Lactobacillus acidophilus strains and the starter cultures, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus during fermentation of goats’ milk

It has been observed that Lactobacillus acidophilus has poor survivability in fermented goats’ milk. In this study, interactions between L. acidophilus and starter cultures during goats’ milk fermentation were investigated using three strains of L. acidophilus: ATCC-11975, LA-5 and NCFM, and the starter cultures (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB350) and Streptococcus thermophilus (ST350), isolated from a commercial yogurt starter. Selective enumeration methods were validated; de Mann, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar with 0.2% bile and anaerobic incubation at 37°C (72 h) was found to be suitable for all L. acidophilus strains; MRS agar with pH adjusted to 5.2 and anaerobic incubation at 37°C (24 h) was used for strain LB350 and M17 agar with 0.5% lactose and aerobic incubation at 37°C (24 h) for strain ST350. Addition of LB350 and/or ST350 into the goats’ milk inoculated with L. acidophilus strains accelerated pH decrease compared to L. acidophilus strains used alone. Antagonism between each of the L. acidophilus strains and LB350 occurred, most noticeably with the LA-5 culture. However, it varied widely between the acidophilus strains indicating that antagonism is likely to be strain specific.Keywords: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, interactions, goats’ mil

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle in Calotropis Procera flower extract and its application for Fe2+sensing in aqueous solution

The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized in Calotropis procera extract. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectoscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS)and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS and TEM analysis of the synthesized AgNPs clearly showed the nanoscale particle size distribution having spherical shaped morphology. The color change and spectral shift in absorption spectrum after addition of Fe2+ ion to AgNPs solution develop a simple and quick method for quantitative determination of Fe2+ from aqueous solution without any interference from excipients. The selective adsorption of Fe2+ ions over the nano particle surface and mechanism of binding was supported by Langmuir adsorption plot, zeta sizer and absorption titration results. The results suggest that the synthesized AgNPs to be used as an ideal, eco-friendly nano probe for selective and sensitive detection of Fe2+ ion in aqueous medium based on adsorption studies. The present method successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of Fe2+ ion in samples collected from local area having limit of detection 4.29 µg/mL. The method offers a simple, selective, economical approach for quantitative detection of Fe2+ in environmental samples without any pretreatment

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols by in situ generated bromine in reaction between oxone and bromide ion

Oxidation of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols by oxone catalyzed by bromide ions has been studied in acidic medium, to avoid formation of alkoxide. Since no prior protonation equilibrium is involved, the rate of the reaction is independent of pH. The reaction is initiated by the oxidation of bromide to bromine, which abstracts a hydride ion from the alcohol in a rate determining step to form R1R2COH+ cation. This cation loses a proton to give the corresponding carbonyl compound in a fast step. A mechanism for the bromide ion mediated oxidation is proposed and the rate law is derived based on the mechanism. Effect of relative permittivity, ionic strength and temperature is also studied; these effects also support the proposed mechanism

Hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanospheres with sodium alginate as template and its photocatalytic application for degradation of diclofenac and chloramphenicol

ZnO nanospheres of average diameter of 5.0±0.2 nm have been prepared by simple hydrothermal method using sodium alginate as a template. The prepared ZnO nanospheres are characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX and fluorescence spectra. The photodegradation of the drugs diclofenac (DCF) and chloramphenicol (CHL) are studied in presence of UV light of wavelength 365 nm. Formation of wurtzite structure of ZnO nanospheres is confirmed by XRD analysis. The decrease in intensity of fluorescence emission spectra of the nanospheres indicated the interaction between the drug molecules and the excited species. The peroxide radicals and the hydroxyl radicals formed due to electron and the hole further affect the degradation of the drug molecules. The TOC content of DCF and CHL is reduced to 12.8% and 6.8% after 180 min under the conditions of the reaction.

Kinetics and mechanism of pyridinium chlorochromate oxidation of thallium(I)

307-310The oxidation of TI(I) by pyridinium chlorochromate has been studied in 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. The reaction exhibits total second order kinetics, first order in each reactant and it is catalysed by hydrogen and chloride ions. The active species have been found to be protonated pyridinium chlorochromate of the oxidant and TICl2- of the reductant respectively. Added products, TI(III) , and Mn(II) have no significant effect on the reaction. The protonation constant of the pyridinium chlorochromate has also been evaluated as 8.0×10-2 dm3 mol-1 from the [H+] dependence of the reaction. A plausible mechanism is proposed based on the experimental observations

Voltammetric Determination of Sulfadoxine and Its Application in Pharmaceuticals and Urine Samples

The voltammetric behaviour of Sulfadoxine (SDN) was studied at a glassy carbon electrode in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solutions using cyclic, differential-pulse (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The dependence of the current on pH, concentration, and scan rate was investigated to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of SDN. The oxidation process was shown to be diffusion controlled, irreversible over the pH range from 3.0-9.2. An analytical method was developed for the determination of SDN in phosphate buffer solution at pH 3.0 as a supporting electrolyte. A DPV method showed a good linear response as compared to SWV. The anodic peak current varied linearly with SDN concentration in the range 0.310-4.34 µg ml-1 of SDN with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µg ml-1. The recovery was determined in the range from 95.6-100.1%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of SDN in pharmaceutical formulations and an urine as real samples

Oxidation of tellurium(IV) by tetrabutylammonium tribromide

2048-2050The reaction between tetra butylammonium tribromide and tellurium(IV) has been studied in 50% (vlv) acetic acid under second order conditions. The overall order of reaction is found to be two, unity each in both the reactants. The reaction involves a direct two-electron transfer step since the test for the formation of free radicals due to single electron step was negative. The reaction is retarded by hydrogen ions due to protonation prior equilibria of the reductant, tellurium(IV). The active species of the reactants is found to be tribromide ion of the oxidant and HTeO3ˉ of the reductant. Considerable decrease in the entropy of activation of the reaction indicates formation of an ordered transition state between the two reactants analogous to that in alcohol oxidation by tetrabutylammonium tribromide ion