5 research outputs found
Progress in treatment by percutaneous coronary intervention: The stent of the future
First generation drug-eluting stents have considerably reduced in-stent restenosis and broadened the applications of percutaneous coronary interventions for the treatment of coronary artery disease. The polymer is an integral part of drug-eluting stents in that, it controls the release of an antiproliferative drug. The main safety concern of first generation drug-eluting stents with permanent polymers - stent thrombosis - has been caused by local hypersensitivity, delayed vessel healing, and endothelial dysfunction. This has prompted the development of newer generation drug-eluting stents with biodegradable polymers or even polymer-free drug-eluting stents. Recent clinical trials have shown the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents with biodegradable polymer, with proven reductions in very late stent thrombosis as compared to first generation drug-eluting stents. However, the concept of using a permanent metallic prosthesis implies major drawbacks, such as the presence of a foreign material within the native coronary artery that causes vascular inflammation and neoatherosclerosis, and also impedes the restoration of the vasomotor function of the stented segment. Bioresorbable scaffolds have been introduced to overcome these limitations, since they provide temporary scaffolding and then disappear, liberating the treated vessel from its cage. This update article presents the current status of these new technologies and highlights their future perspectives in interventional cardiology
Assessment of plaque evolution in coronary bifurcations located beyond everolimus eluting scaffolds: Serial intravascular ultrasound virtual histology study
Purpose. To evaluate the atherosclerotic evolution in coronary bifurcations located proximally and distally to a bioresorbable scaffold. Methods. Thirty bifurcations located >5 mm beyond the scaffolded segment, being investigated with serial intravascular ultrasound virtual histology (IVUS-VH) examinations, at baseline and 2-years, in patients enrolled in the ABSORB cohort B1 study were included in this analysis. In each bifurcation, the frames portraying the proximal rim, in-bifurcation, and distal rim of the ostium of the side branch were analyzed. The geometric parameters and plaque types were evaluated at baseline and 2-years follow-up. Results: There were no significant differences in the geometrical parameters such as lumen, vessel and plaque areas as well as in the composition of the atheroma between baseline and 2-years follow-up.When we separately examined the bifurcations located proximally and distally to the scaffolded segment, no changes were found at the distal bifurcations, while at the proximal bifurcations there was a statistical significant decrease in the plaque burden (36.67 ± 13.33% at baseline vs. 35.06 ± 13.20% at 2 years follow-up, p = 0.04).Ten necrotic core rich plaques were found at baseline, of which 2 regressed to either fibrotic plaque or to intimal thickening at 2 years follow-up. The other 8 did not change. Disease progression was noted in 3 plaques (1 adaptive intimal thickening, 1 fibrotic and 1 fibroca
Vascular compliance changes of the coronary vessel wall after bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation in the treated and adjacent segments
Background: Implantation of a metallic prosthesis creates local stiffness with a subsequent mismatch in the compliance of the vessel wall, disturbances in flow and heterogeneous distribution of wall shear stress. Polymeric bioresorbable ABSORB scaffolds have less stiffness than metallic platform stents. We sought to analyze the mismatch in vascular compliance after ABSORB implantation and its long-term resolution with bioresorption. Methods and Results: A total of 83 patients from the ABSORB trials underwent palpography investigations (30 and 53 patients from ABSORB Cohorts A and B, respectively) to measure the compliance of the scaffolded and adjacent segments at various time points (from pre-implantation up to 24 months). The mean of the maximum strain values was calculated per segment by utilizing the Rotterdam Classification (ROC) score and expressed as ROC/ mm. Scaffold implantation lead to a significant decrease in vascular compliance (median [IQR]) at the scaffolded segment (from 0.37 [0.24-0.45] to 0.14 [0.09-0.23], P<0.001) with mismatch in compliance in a paired analysis between the scaffolded and adjacent segments (proximal: 0.23 [0.12-0.34], scaffold: 0.12 [0.07-0.19], distal: 0.15 [0.05-0.26], P=0.042). This reported compliance mismatch disappears at short- and mid-term follow-up. Conclusions: The ABSORB scaffold decreases vascular compliance at the site of scaffold implantation. A compliance mismatch is evident immediately post-implantation and in contrast to metallic stents disappears in the mid-term, likely leading to a normalization of the rheological behavior of the scaffolded segment
The edge vascular response following implantation of the Absorb everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold and the XIENCE V metallic everolimus-eluting stent. First serial follow-up assessment at six months and two years: Insights from the first-in-man ABSORB Cohort B and SPIRIT II trials
Aims: To assess serially the edge vascular response (EVR) of a bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) compared to a metallic everolimus-eluting stent (EES). Methods and results: Non-serial evaluations of the Absorb BVS at one year have previously demonstrated proximal edge constrictive r
Clinical and intravascular imaging outcomes at 1 and 2 years after implantation of absorb everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in small vessels. Late lumen enlargement: Does bioresorption matter with small vessel size? Insight from the ABSORB cohort B trial
Background The long-term results after second
generation everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular
scaffold (Absorb BVS) placement in small vessels are
unknown. Therefore, we investigated the impact of
vessel size on long-term outcomes, after Absorb BVS
implantation.
Methods In ABSORB Cohort B Trial, out of the total
study population (101 patients), 45 patients were
assigned to undergo 6-month and 2-year angiographic
follow-up (Cohort B1) and 56 patients to have
angiographic follow-up at 1-year (Cohort B2). The prereference vessel diameter (RVD) was <2.5 mm (smallvessel group) in 41 patients (41 lesions) and ≥2.5 mm
(large-vessel group) in 60 patients (61 lesions).
Outcomes were compared according to pre-RVD.
Results At 2-year angiographic follow-up no differences
in late lumen loss (0.29±0.16 mm vs 0.25±0.22 mm,
p=0.4391), and in-segment binary restenosis (5.3% vs
5.3% p=1.0000) were demonstrated between groups.
In the small-vessel group, intravascular ultrasound
analysis showed a significant increase in vessel area
(12.25±3.47 mm2 vs 13.09±3.38 mm2 p=0.0015),
scaffold area (5.76±0.96 mm2 vs 6.41±1.30 mm2
p=0.0008) and lumen area (5.71±0.98 mm2 vs 6.20
±1.27 mm2 p=0.0155) between 6-months and 2-year
follow-up. No differences in plaque composition were
reported between groups at either time point. At 2-year
clinical follow-up, no differences in ischaemia-driven
major adverse cardiac events (7.3% vs 10.2%,
p=0.7335), myocardial infarction (4.9% vs 1.7%,
p=0.5662) or ischaemia-driven target lesion
revascularisation (2.4% vs 8.5%, p=0.3962) were
reported between small and large vessels. No deaths or
scaffold thrombosis were observed.
Conclusions Similar clinical and angiographic outcomes
at 2-year follow-up were reported in small and large
vessel groups. A significant late lumen enlargement and
positi