Translating Cultural Memory: French and English D-Day Narratives at the Memorial Museum of Caen

Thesis advisor: Joseph BreinesDuring my five-month stay with in Rennes, France in the fall of my junior year, my French host parents took me to Normandy to visit the memorial museum in Caen and the D-Day beaches. Véronique and Gildas considered this trip “obligatoire” for any American in France, a sentiment that has been matched by virtually everyone I have spoken with since, both French and American. My visit was, however, disrupted by an experience of linguistic confusion that could have significantly limited my ability to appropriate the information presented in the museum. The guiding texts found on the walls of the museum, translated from French to English, lacked so acutely the idiomatic feel of native English that they would have obscured my understanding of the text, had I not also been fluent in French and able to read the originals. What began as a tourist’s frustration is today the subject of a project that has carried me back to France for another two months as well as into both translation and museum theory. I have created here a critical study as well as a retranslation of a selection of these texts, proposed with no other aim than to explore the importance of linguistic accuracy, and the implications of inaccuracy in translation. This work is meant to represent the chronological process by which I explored the original translations and ultimately determined my final retranslations. As such, I have attempted to reflect the results of the different stages of my work in the division of my five chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to the museum: its history, purported aims, and layout. In discussing the museum, I consider some applications of Vivian Patraka’s museum and performance theories to this site, eventually exploring the connection between the importance of these texts within their physical and cultural space and the importance of their proper translation. To further delve into the subject of translation theory and its implications to my project, I will invoke the work of David Bellos, Walter Benjamin, and others. After having laid this theoretical groundwork for my project in conjunction with a background of the museum, my second chapter will present the original translations of the texts from the portion of the museum devoted to D-Day, supplemented by my annotations. These annotations are prefaced with an explanation of the methodology that I used while sifting through these original translations, which I hope will help to at least primarily explain the categories into which I have chosen to group the errors and problems that I found. The third chapter is a deeper analysis of each of these categories, beginning with the most significant or global and descending all the way down to the purely technical. Each section of this commentary will include examples of pertinent cases of the problem or error and a discussion of the stylistic or cultural issue present. After having identified all the present errors in my second chapter and analyzing them by category in my third, I will present in my fourth chapter a complete retranslation of these selected texts My fifth and final chapter will serve to conclude the process, stating any changes or modifications to my theoretical or procedural approach I find appropriate after having completed the project.Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013.Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences.Discipline: College Honors Program.Discipline: Romance Languages and Literatures Honors Program.Discipline: Romance Languages and Literatures

The Simplicity of Greatness and the Greatness of Simplicity :a Discourse Delivered at San Diego, California, on Lincoln\u27s birthday, 1915

This discourse, while embodying the principle events of the life and times of Abraham Lincoln, told in a vivid truthful and entrancing manner by this entertaining and clever lecturer, is full of the philosophy of the simplicity of greatness and greatness of simplicity.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-pamphlets/1469/thumbnail.jp

Inhibitors of SARS-CoV entry--identification using an internally-controlled dual envelope pseudovirion assay.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged as the causal agent of an endemic atypical pneumonia, infecting thousands of people worldwide. Although a number of promising potential vaccines and therapeutic agents for SARS-CoV have been described, no effective antiviral drug against SARS-CoV is currently available. The intricate, sequential nature of the viral entry process provides multiple valid targets for drug development. Here, we describe a rapid and safe cell-based high-throughput screening system, dual envelope pseudovirion (DEP) assay, for specifically screening inhibitors of viral entry. The assay system employs a novel dual envelope strategy, using lentiviral pseudovirions as targets whose entry is driven by the SARS-CoV Spike glycoprotein. A second, unrelated viral envelope is used as an internal control to reduce the number of false positives. As an example of the power of this assay a class of inhibitors is reported with the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV at two steps of the replication cycle, viral entry and particle assembly. This assay system can be easily adapted to screen entry inhibitors against other viruses with the careful selection of matching partner virus envelopes

Beliefs about Causes of Colon Cancer by English-as-a-Second-Language Chinese Immigrant Women to Canada

Abstract Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for Canadians

Fish and Feminists

Summary Despite apparent acceptance of gender analysis within development organizations, this is still only rarely translated into gender?sensitive practice. The language of gender and development is adopted, but is accompanied by a subtle shift into ‘projects for women’. The article considers the problem through a case study of a programme in one international development organization – the FAO. The programme promotes small scale fish farming in southern Africa, and gender issues have gained a high profile in its stated aims. The case study traces the articulation of gender issues from headquarters to a pilot project in Luapula Province, Zambia. RESUME La pisciculture au féminin En dépit de l'acceptation apparemment répandue de l'analyse du genre dans les organisations développementales, il est rare que cette analyse soit consacrée dans des pratiques qui respectent le genre. S'il est vrai que le langage du genre et du développement est adopté, l'on constate d'un autre côté un décalage subtil vers les “projets pour femmes”. Le présent article s'adresse à ce problème par le biais d'une étude de cas basée sur un programme mené par une organisation internationale de développement – la FAO. Le programme concerné organise des projets de pisciculture de petite envergure en Afrique australe, et les questions du genre occupent une place d'importance dans ses objectifs déclarés. L'étude de cas trace l'articulation des questions du genre à partir du siège et jusqu'à un projet pilote organisé dans la province de Luapula en Zambie. RESUMEN ‘Fish and feminists’ A pesar de la aparente aceptación del análisis de género dentro de las organizaciones de desarrollo, esta aceptación rara vez se traduce en prácticas sensibles a la cuestión. Se adopta el lenguaje de género y desarrollo, pero al mismo tiempo se produce un sutil cambio de dirección hacia proyectos para la mujer. Este artículo considera el problema a través del estudio de un programa de una organización internacional de desarrollo – la FAO. Este programa promueve piscifactorías en pequeña escala en Africa del Sur, y los tópicos de género han ganado mucha importancia ensus objetivos establecidos. El estudio de este caso analiza paso a paso la articulación de las cuestiones de género desde las oficinas centrales hasta un proyecto piloto en la provincia de Luapula, en Zambia

Newly Identified Nematodes from Mono Lake Exhibit Extreme Arsenic Resistance

Extremophiles have much to reveal about the biology of resilience, yet their study is limited by sampling and culturing difficulties [1, 2, 3]. The broad success and small size of nematodes make them advantageous for tackling these problems [4, 5, 6]. We investigated the arsenic-rich, alkaline, and hypersaline Mono Lake (CA, US) [7, 8, 9] for extremophile nematodes. Though Mono Lake has previously been described to contain only two animal species (brine shrimp and alkali flies) in its water and sediments [10], we report the discovery of eight nematode species from the lake, including microbe grazers, parasites, and predators. Thus, nematodes are the dominant animals of Mono Lake in species richness. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the nematodes originated from multiple colonization events, which is striking, given the young history of extreme conditions at Mono Lake [7, 11]. One species, Auanema sp., is new, culturable, and survives 500 times the human lethal dose of arsenic. Comparisons to two non-extremophile sister species [12] reveal that arsenic resistance is a common feature of the genus and a preadaptive trait that likely allowed Auanema to inhabit Mono Lake. This preadaptation may be partly explained by a variant in the gene dbt-1 shared with some Caenorhabditis elegans natural populations and known to confer arsenic resistance [13]. Our findings expand Mono Lake’s ecosystem from two known animal species to ten, and they provide a new system for studying arsenic resistance. The dominance of nematodes in Mono Lake and other extreme environments and our findings of preadaptation to arsenic raise the intriguing possibility that nematodes are widely pre-adapted to be extremophiles

An evaluation of the construct of earned security in adolescents: Evidence from an inpatient sample

In adult attachment research, a group of individuals who con

Genomic Evidence for Complex Domestication History of the Cultivated Tomato in Latin America

The process of plant domestication is often protracted, involving underexplored intermediate stages with important implications for the evolutionary trajectories of domestication traits. Previously, tomato domestication history has been thought to involve two major transitions: one from wild Solanum pimpinellifolium L. to a semidomesticated intermediate, S. lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (SLC) in South America, and a second transition from SLC to fully domesticated S. lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum in Mesoamerica. In this study, we employ population genomic methods to reconstruct tomato domestication history, focusing on the evolutionary changes occurring in the intermediate stages. Our results suggest that the origin of SLC may predate domestication, and that many traits considered typical of cultivated tomatoes arose in South American SLC, but were lost or diminished once these partially domesticated forms spread northward. These traits were then likely reselected in a convergent fashion in the common cultivated tomato, prior to its expansion around the world. Based on these findings, we reveal complexities in the intermediate stage of tomato domestication and provide insight on trajectories of genes and phenotypes involved in tomato domestication syndrome. Our results also allow us to identify underexplored germplasm that harbors useful alleles for crop improvement

ERβ-mediated induction of cystatins results in suppression of TGFβ signaling and inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer metastasis.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for a disproportionately high number of deaths due to a lack of targeted therapies and an increased likelihood of distant recurrence. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), a well-characterized tumor suppressor, is expressed in 30% of TNBCs, and its expression is associated with improved patient outcomes. We demonstrate that therapeutic activation of ERβ elicits potent anticancer effects in TNBC through the induction of a family of secreted proteins known as the cystatins, which function to inhibit canonical TGFβ signaling and suppress metastatic phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo. These data reveal the involvement of cystatins in suppressing breast cancer progression and highlight the value of ERβ-targeted therapies for the treatment of TNBC patients