Synergistic relationships among remote-sensing and geophysical media: Geological and hydrological applications

The synergistic relationships among LANDSAT imagery, Skylab photographs, and aerial photographs were useful for establishing areas of near surface bedrock. Lineaments were located on LANDSAT imagery and aerial photographs during 1978 and near surface water tables were to be located during 1980. Both of these subjects can be identified by remote sensing methods more reliably than individual outcrops, which are small and occur in a wide variety of environments with a wide range of responses. Bedrock outcrops themselves could not be resolved by any of the data sources used, nor did any combination of data sources specifically identify rock at the ground surface. The data sources could not simply be combined mathematically to produce a visual image of probable areas of near surface bedrock. Outcrops and near surface bedrock had to be verified visually at the site. Despite these drawbacks, a procedure for locating areas of near surface bedrock within which actual surface outcrops may occur was developed

A study of wing body blending for an advanced supersonic transport

Increases in supersonic cruise lift drag ratio were sought at Mach numbers 2.2 and 2.7 using wing body planform and thickness blending. Constrained twist and camber optimization was performed in the presence of nacelles. Wing and fuselage thickness distributions were optimized for either minimum volume wave drag or minimum total pressure wave drag. The zero leading edge suction lift drag ratios were determined for three wing planforms. The magnitude of the effect of leading edge suction on attainable lift drag ratio was defined on one planform and estimation of available leading edge suction was made

Sputtering yield measurements at glancing incidence using a quartz crystal microbalance

Low energy sputtering yields at grazing incidence have been investigated experimentally using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. This method involved precoating the QCM with a thin film of the desired target material and relating the resonance frequency shift directly to mass loss during ion bombardment. A highly focused, low divergence ion beam provided a well defined incidence angle. Focusing most of the ion current on the center of the target allowed for higher sensitivity by taking into account the radial mass sensitivity of the QCM. Measurements of Mo, Cu, and W sputtering yields were taken for low energy (80–1000 eV) Xe+ and Ar+ to validate this experimental method. The target films ranged from 3.5 to 8.0 µm in thickness and were deposited so that their crystal structure and density would match those of the bulk material as closely as possible. These properties were characterized using a combination of scanning electron microscope imagery, profilometry, and x-ray diffraction. At normal incidence, the sputtering yields demonstrated satisfactory agreement with previously published work. At angles of incidence up to 40° off normal, the data agreed well with predictions from existing theoretical models. Sputtering yields were found to increase by a factor of 1.6 over this range. The optimum angle for sputtering occurred at 55°, after which the yields rapidly decreased. Measurements were taken up to 80° from the surface normal

Why and how much the Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem fails in noncompact setting?

The celebrated Brouwer\u2019s Fixed Point Theorem is dated in 1912. Its extension to compact set setting in Banach spaces due to Schauder appeared in 1930. Immediately it raised the question whether the Theorem can be extended to noncompact setting. The works of Kakutani, Klee, Benyamini and Sterfeld, Sternfeld and Lim solved the qualitative part of the problem. Lack of compactness makes the statement of the theorem false. However, there are some quantitative aspects of the question. The two basic are called minimal displacement problem, and optimal retraction problem. The aim of this article is to present the historical back ground and possibly, up to date state of investigations in this field. A list of open problems with comments will be discussed

The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Siberia

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1994This dissertation presents results of recent research in Siberia directed at (1) developing an accurate archaeological chronology for the mid-Upper Pleistocene of Siberia (chiefly through accelerator radiocarbon methods), and (2) defining and characterizing the region's Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. Eleven Middle Paleolithic sites are now known from southwest Siberia. Relative age estimates of these cultural occupations range from the Last Interglacial (oxygen-isotope substage 5e, 128,000-118,000 years ago) to the mid-Middle Pleniglacial (oxygen-isotope stage 3,50,000-40,000 years ago). Associated lithic industries are Levallois and Mousterian. Middle Paleolithic interassemblage lithic variability is hinged on the differential production of Levallois points and Levallois flakes, and the intensity of side scraper reduction. Hominid remains from two sites, Denisova Peshchera and Peshchera Okladnikov, appear pre-modern and exhibit affinities to Neanderthals from southwest Asia. At least 15 sites have been assigned to the Siberian early Upper Paleolithic. Radiocarbon dates range from 42,000 to 30,000 years ago. Occupations at Kara-Bom (component IIa), Makarovo-4, and Varvarina Gora predate the effective range of radiocarbon dating (40,000 years ago), and may be considerably older than radiocarbon dates suggest. Initial Upper Paleolithic industries are characterized by the detachment of blades from "flat-faced" parallel blade cores, the absence of Levallois techniques, the presence of bifacial and burin secondary reduction technologies, and tool kits with end scrapers, angle burins, wedges, gravers, bifacial knives, and slender retouched points on blades. Also occurring for the first time are worked bone, ivory, and antler points, awls, and needles, pendants and other items of personal adornment, and rare examples of mobiliary art. Diagnostic hominid fossils are absent. The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition involved dramatic and multi-faceted changes in tool technologies and tool forms. Patterns of change are discrete rather than discontinuous; no transitional industries have been identified. Stratigraphic evidence indicates rapid succession from one technocomplex to the other. This evidence supports population replacement rather than continuity for the origins of the Siberian Upper Paleolithic. Whether this event also signals the appearance of modern humans in this and surrounding areas of inner Asia must await additional hominid fossil discoveries

Performance of charge-injection-device infrared detector arrays at low and moderate backgrounds

Three 2 x 64 element charge injection device infrared detector arrays were tested at low and moderate background to evaluate their usefulness for space based astronomical observations. Testing was conducted both in the laboratory and in ground based telescope observations. The devices showed an average readout noise level below 200 equivalent electrons, a peak responsivity of 4 A/W, and a noise equivalent power of 3x10 sq root of W/Hz. Array well capacity was measured to be significantly smaller than predicted. The measured sensitivity, which compares well with that of nonintegrating discrete extrinsic silicon photoconductors, shows these arrays to be useful for certain astronomical observations. However, the measured readout efficiency and frequency response represent serious limitations in low background applications

Information Literacy at Augustana: A Programmatic Approach

Information literacy programs, and the factors that influence their development and structure, can vary significantly from institution to institution. Credit-bearing discipline-specific information literacy courses are a rare and valuable component of an undergraduate educational experience and form the basis of Augustana\u27s information literacy program. This article provides an overview of the development, implementation, successes, and drawbacks of the credit-bearing discipline-specific information literacy courses at the Augustana Campus of the University of Alberta (Camrose, Alberta, Canada). Additional program components including Augustana\u27s annual information literacy workshop, information literacy awards, information literacy DVD, and marketing/branding, are discussed

Detector arrays for low-background space infrared astronomy

The status of development and characterization tests of integrated infrared detector array technology for astronomy applications is described. The devices under development include intrinsic, extrinsic silicon, and extrinsic germanium detectors, with hybrid silicon multiplexers. Laboratory test results and successful astronomy imagery have established the usefulness of integrated arrays in low-background astronomy applications