Density and morphology: from the building scale to the city scale

The density of the domestic building stock of London is explored, moving from the scale of individual house and blocks of flats, through larger geographical units, to complete boroughs. The description of the stock is highly detailed and is made using the 3DStock method, which derives building geometry from digital maps and LiDAR (laser measurements from overflying aircraft). This means that accurate estimates of floor areas can be made and used to measure densities as Floor Space Index (FSI) values. Ground coverage or Ground Space Index (GSI) values are calculated from building footprints and land boundaries. The Spacemate tool, devised by Berghauser Pont and Haupt, is used to plot the types and ages of dwellings in terms of FSI, GSI and numbers of storeys. Figures for actual annual gas and electricity consumption are attached to each dwelling. Analysis shows that, in general, energy-use intensities—and especially the intensity of gas use for heating—decrease with increasing density, and with the transition between house types, from detached, to semi-detached, to terraces, to (low-rise) flats

Unión de péptidos a superficies de titanio para la mejora de la osteointegración

El presente estudio pretende mejorar el proceso de osteointegración del implante de titanio mediante la biofuncionalización de su superficie. Para ello se ha realizado una previa silanización de la superficie y una posterior unión covalente entre el silano y un péptido el cual posee la secuencia RGD. Se han estudiado diferentes aspectos como es la estabilidad tanto de conjunto titanio-silano como silano-péptido. Finalmente se ha realizado un ensayo de adhesión celular utilizando células osteoblásticas MG63 cuyas muestras de titanio han sido previamente biofuncionalizadas con el proceso estudiado.This study aims to improve the osseointegration process of the titanium implant through surface biofunctionalization. Samples were silanised on the surface and afterwards a peptide with the RGD sequence was covalently attached to the silane. Specific characteristics of the stability of the union titanium-silane as well as silane-peptide were studied. Finally cell adhesion studies to samples biofunctionalized with the technique studied in this work were made with MG63 osteoblastic cells.Peer Reviewe

Using Display Energy Certificates to quantify public sector office energy consumption

This paper explores how internal and external characteristics affect energy use in the public sector office stock in England and Wales, using a database of 2,600 Display Energy Certificates (DECs) combined with other sources of disaggregated office information. The DEC office benchmarks were shown to match the median fossil thermal and electrical consumptions well. Analysis of HVAC, size, occupancy density, building age, location and rateable value were considered. While newer offices were shown to have lower typical fossil-thermal consumption than older offices, this was counterbalanced by higher electrical consumption, resulting in higher typical CO2 emissions. This has implications for the UK's emissions reduction targets for 2050, indicating that while building regulations that focus on thermal performance have been successful, a focus on electrical consumption (both regulated and unregulated) is key. The results were also compared with existing benchmarks for all UK offices, splitting the sample into four generic types, and compared to a similar smaller study of private offices. This indicated that public offices typically used less energy than the general benchmarks had previously predicted, particularly for prestige offices.This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funding for Doctoral Training Studentships, and in association with the EPSRC funded 'ReVISIONS' project [grant number EP/F007566/1].This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.97541

Leaf, Pod and Whole Plant Tannin Contents in Pigeon Pea (\u3cem\u3eCajanus cajan\u3c/em\u3e (L.) Millsp)

Tannin content is an important characteristic of leguminous crops and it has been used as a selection criterion in pigeon-pea improvement programmes (Godoy et al., 1994). In south-eastern Brazil, pigeon pea is often consumed by bovines in the dry season (from April though October), after flowering occurs, and is recommended in some cases, specifically for that time of the year (Lourenço et al., 1994). Since tannin content is being used as a selection criterion and the animals in the dry season preferentially eat pods and leaves, an experiment was conducted to compare whole plant, leaf and pod tannin content

Recomendações de cultivares de aveia forrageira para o estado de São Paulo no ano de 2010.

bitstream/CPPSE-2010/19157/1/PROCICircT61RG2009.00420.pd

Recomendação de cultivares de aveia forrageira para o Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2011.

bitstream/item/40885/1/Comunicado99.pd