Estratificação de ambientes para seleção de híbridos de milho

The genotype and environment interaction can be defined as the effect of the environment under the genotypes. In this context, the current paper goal is to compare different genotypes in different environments in order to identify possible interactions. It was analyzed7 hibrid's females and 6 environments characterized by the altitude and location. The methodology used in this paper is the model AMMI (Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) that combines in one model, additive parameters for the main effects, and multiplicative effects for the interactions. The database is from the summer seasons from 2011 to 2016 of the corn seed production of a private company. The years were considered as the repetitions and the compared variable were the productivity in 60.000 bags/hectare. Through the biplot chart for the first principal component, it was possible to analyze the genotype s stability. Therefore, it presents that, among the analyzed genotypes, the G1, G3, G4, G5 and G6 can be considered as stable genotypes, since their scores are between the limits of the confidence interval built for the scores s averages. However, the genotypes G5 and G6 would not be a good indication, because, although they were considered stable, they have very low productivity averages compared to the others. In addition, it was possible to analyze the genotype adaptability in each environment through the scores product of the genotypes and environments. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the G4 and G7 genotypes have a favorable adaptation in the A1, A2 and A4 environments. On the other hand, the G1, G2, G3, G5, and G6 genotypes have a better adaptation in the A3, A5 and A6 environmentsTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)A interação de genótipos com ambientes pode ser definida como o efeito diferencial dos ambientes sobre os genótipos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar diferentes genótipos de milho cultivados em diferentes ambientes, para identificar possíveis interações. Foram analisadas 7 fêmeas de híbridos e 6 ambientes caracterizados pela altitude e região. A metodologia utilizada foi o método AMMI (Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction), método que combina em um único modelo, parâmetros aditivos, para os efeitos principais de genótipos e ambientes, com parâmetros de efeito multiplicativo, para a interação. Os dados são referentes à produção de sementes de milho nas safras de verão de 2011 a 2016 de uma empresa de produção de sementes, onde o ano foi considerado como repetições. O caráter avaliativo foi a produtividade em sacos de 60 mil sementes por hectare. Foi possível analisar a estabilidade dos genótipos através do gráfico biplot construído para a primeira componente principal, por ser a única componente significativa, e a média de produtividade para cada genótipo. Sendo assim, pôde-se ver que dentre os 7 genótipos estudados, os genótipos G1, G3, G4, G5 e G6, por estarem dentro do intervalo de confiança construído para a média dos escores dos genótipos, podem ser considerados como estáveis. Entretanto, não se indicaria os genótipos G5 e G6, pois apesar de serem estáveis, possuem uma produtividade média bem abaixo da média geral. Além disso, foi possível observar a adaptabilidade de cada genótipo em cada ambiente através do produto dos escores de cada genótipo com cada ambiente. Sendo assim, pôde-se concluir que os genótipos G4 e G7 possuem uma adaptação favorável aos ambientes A1, A2, e A4, e os genótipos G1, G2, G3, G5 e G6 se adaptam melhor nos ambientes A3, A5 e A6

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data