Exact Matrix Completion via High-Rank Matrices in Sum-of-Squares Relaxations

We study exact matrix completion from partially available data with hidden connectivity patterns. Exact matrix completion was shown to be possible recently by Cosse and Demanet in 2021 with Lasserre's relaxation using the trace of the variable matrix as the objective function with given data structured in a chain format. In this study, we introduce a structure for the objective function so that the resulting sum-of-squares (SOS) relaxation, the dual of Lasserre's SDP relaxation, produces a rank-($N$-1) solution, where $N$ denotes the size of variable matrix in the SOS relaxation. Specifically, the arrowhead structure is employed for the coefficient matrix of the objective function. We show that a matrix can be exactly completed through the SOS relaxation when the connectivity of given data is not explicitly displayed or follows a chain format. The theoretical exactness is proved using the rank of the Gram matrix for the SOS relaxation. We also present numerical algorithms designed to find the coefficient matrix in the SOS relaxation. Numerical experiments illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figure

Fine periodic nanostructure formation on stainless steel and gallium arsenide with few-cycle 7-fs laser pulses

We report the fine periodic nanostructure formation process on metal and semiconductor surfaces in air with few-cycle 7-fs laser pulses and its physical mechanism. Using appropriate peak power densities and scanning speeds for the laser pulses, nanostructures could be formed on stainless steel and gallium arsenide (GaAs) with periods of 60–110 nm and 130–165 nm, respectively, which are 1/5–1/4 of the period of nanostructures formed with 100-fs laser pulses. The periodicity can be explained as arising from the excitation of short-range propagating surface plasmon polaritons, and the observed periods are in good agreement with the model calculation results

Peripheral Administration of Morphine Attenuates Postincisional Pain by Regulating Macrophage Polarization through COX-2-Dependent Pathway

BACKGROUND: Macrophage infiltration to inflammatory sites promotes wound repair and may be involved in pain hypersensitivity after surgical incision. We recently reported that the development of hyperalgesia during chronic inflammation is regulated by macrophage polarity, often referred to as proinflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. Although opioids such as morphine are known to alter the inflammatory milieu of incisional wounds through interactions with immunocytes, the macrophage-mediated effects of morphine on the development of postincisional pain have not been well investigated. In this study, we examined how morphine alters pain hypersensitivity through phenotypic shifts in local macrophages during the course of incision-induced inflammation. RESULTS: Local administration of morphine in the early phase, but not in the late phase alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia, and this effect was reversed by clodronate-induced peripheral depletion of local macrophages. At the morphine-injected incisional sites, the number of pro-inflammatory F4/80(+)iNOS(+)M1 macrophages was decreased during the course of pain development whereas increased infiltration of wound healing F4/80(+)CD206(+)M2 macrophages was observed during the early phase. Morphine increased the gene expression of endogenous opioid, proenkephalin, and decreased the pronociceptive cytokine, interleukin-1β. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 promotes the differentiation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. An inhibitor of HO-1, tin protoporphyrin reversed morphine-induced analgesic effects and the changes in macrophage phenotype. However, local expression levels of HO-1 were not altered by morphine. Conversely, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, primarily produced from peripheral macrophages in acute inflammation states, was up-regulated in the early phase at morphine-injected sites. In addition, the analgesic effects and a phenotype switching of infiltrated macrophages by morphine was reversed by local administration of a COX inhibitor, indomethacin. CONCLUSIONS: Local administration of morphine alleviated the development of postincisional pain, possibly by altering macrophage polarity at the incisional sites. A morphine-induced shift in macrophage phenotype may be mediated by a COX-2-dependent mechanism. Therefore, μ-opioid receptor signaling in macrophages may be a potential therapeutic target during the early phase of postincisional pain development

二次元的抽象化による教科内容の追求 : 跳び箱運動におけるかかえ込み跳びを例に

The purpose of this study is to examine the methods to clarify subject content by two-dimensional abstraction through the analysis of tuck jumps in vaulting box exercise as a starting point of the study of apparatus gymnastics. If the action/reaction of forces is captured by vector diagrams that show the composition and decomposition of forces as a perspective of two-dimensional abstraction, tuck jumps on a mat can be understood as a jump without running on a vaulting box and a suitable teaching material for analyzing and synthesizing the quality of exercise. There were following results and problems of this practical research. It was shown that the learning by tuck jumps on a mat in "rhythmic words" that capture the motion process as a whole has a transfer effect as rhythm words on the vaulting box. The study also showed that the use of hand- and foot-shaped cards enhanced the quality of group learning, and the use of small-step materials increased motivation for learning skills. In addition, trunk fixation, which enables the action/reaction of force, was found to be linked to short exhalations, and this was presented as a perspective of the clarification of subject content

Photoinduced dynamics during electronic transfer from narrow to wide bandgap layers in one-dimensional heterostructured materials

Electron transfer is a fundamental energy conversion process widely present in synthetic, industrial, and natural systems. Understanding the electron transfer process is important to exploit the uniqueness of the low-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures because interlayer electron transfer produces the function of this class of material. Here, we show the occurrence of an electron transfer process in one-dimensional layer-stacking of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). This observation makes use of femtosecond broadband optical spectroscopy, ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction, and first-principles theoretical calculations. These results reveal that near-ultraviolet photoexcitation induces an electron transfer from the conduction bands of CNT to BNNT layers via electronic decay channels. This physical process subsequently generates radial phonons in the one-dimensional vdW heterostructure material. The gathered insights unveil the fundamentals physics of interfacial interactions in low dimensional vdW heterostructures and their photoinduced dynamics, pushing their limits for photoactive multifunctional applications

大腸癌に対する腹腔鏡補助下切除と開腹手術におけるリンパ節郭清の比較検討

目的:大腸癌に対する腹腔鏡補助下大腸切除手術(LAC)と開腹手術(OPEN)のリンパ節郭清が同等の質であるかをリンパ節の採取個数で比較検討した.対象と方法:右半結腸切除,S状結腸切除,直腸高位前方切除が施行された大腸癌手術症例77例.リンパ節採取個数を各リンパ節領域ごとに比較検討した.結果:右半結腸切除21例(LAC:OPEN;12例:9例),S状結腸切除41例(26例:15例),前方切除15例(8例:7例)であった.腫瘍径による補正後の摘出リンパ節個数は(以下LAC:OPEN),右半結腸切除;1群(15.4±1.3:17.5±3.6),主幹2群(8.7±1.0:8.2±0.7),壁在2群(10.8±1.6:15.3±2.9),主幹3群(7.5±1.0:7.6±0.8),S状結腸切除;1群(12.3±1.3:13.1±1.5),主幹2群(8.2±1.2:8.1±1.2),壁在2群(7.0±1.4:5.7±0.9),主幹3群(6.8±1.0:6.4±1.3),前方切除;1群(12.5±2.3:12.4±2.7),主幹2群(9.3±1.4:9.7±2.3),壁在2群(6.8±2.4:5.6±1.3),主幹3群(5.0±0.9:5.3±1.3)であった.考察:LACとOPENで以上の3種類の術式においてリンパ節郭清はほぼ同等であることが示唆された.Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate. The number of dissected lymph nodes between laparoscopyassisted colectomy (LAC) and open colectomy (OPEN). Methods: Seventy-seven patients who underwent hemi-colectomy (LAC: OPEN; 12cases: 9cases), sigmoidectomy (LAC: OPEN; 26cases: 15cases) and high anterior resection (LAC: OPEN; 8cases: 7cases) at Kanagawa Cancer Center were entered in this study. The number of dissected lymph nodes at each N1, paracolic N2, central N2, and central N3 area was compared. Results: In Hemi-colectomy, N1 area was LAC: OPEN =15.4±1.3 : 17.5±3.6 (p = 0.548), Central N2 was 8.8±1.0 : 8.2±0.7 (p = 0.684) , Paracolic N2 was 10.8±1.6 : 15.3±2.9 (p = 0.176), and Central N3 was 7.5±1.0 : 7.6 ± 0.8 (p = 0.966) . In sigmoidectomy, Nl was 12.3±1.3 : 13.1±1.5 (p = 0.675) , Central N2 was 8.2±1.2 : 8.1±1.2 (p = 0.945) , Paracolic N2 was 7.0±1.4 : 5.7±0.9 (p = 0.522) , Central N3 was 6.8±1.0 : 6.4±1.3 (p = 0.808) . In Anterior resection, N1 was 12.5±2.3 : 12.4±2.7 (p = 0.969) , Central N2 was 9.3±1.4 : 9.7±2.3 (p = 0.863) , Paracolic N2 was 6.8±2.4 : 5.6±1.3 (p = 0.689) , and Central N3 was 5.0±0.9 : 5.3±1.3 (p=0.879). Conclusion: The results suggested that quality of lymph node dissection in LAC was equal to that of OPEN

Mechanism and control of periodic surface nanostructure formation with femtosecond laser pulses

Fundamental mechanism of femtosecond-laser-induced periodic surface nanostructure formation has been investigated under the condition using superimposed multiple shots at lower fluence than the single-pulse ablation threshold. With increasing the shot number of low-fluence fs-laser pulses, the periodic nanostructure develops through the bonding structure change of target material, the nanoscale ablation with optical near-fields induced around the high curvatures, and the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to create the nano-periodicity in the surface structure. It is confirmed that non-thermal interaction at the surface plays the crucial role in the nanostructure formation. Based on the mechanism, we have demonstrated that the periodic nanostructure formation process can be controlled to fabricate a homogeneous nanograting on the target surface, using a two-step ablation process in air. The experimental results obtained represent exactly the nature of a single spatial standing SPP wave mode that generates periodically enhanced near-fields for the nanograting formation. The calculated results for a model target reproduce well the nanograting period and explain the characteristic properties observed in the experiment

Schwartz–Jampel syndrome is not related to malignant hyperthermia

Abstract Schwartz–Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare syndrome that is clinically characterized by myotonia and skeletal abnormalities. Most reports regarding SJS have stated that patients with SJS are susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). The statement is incorrect. There is no report showing that SJS is related to MH. Scientific evidence also shows that patients with myotonias are not susceptible to MH except for that with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Medical practitioners must recognize that SJS is not related to MH