NF-κB activation mechanism of 4-hydroxyhexenal via NIK/IKK and p38 MAPK pathway

Abstract4-Hydroxyhexenal (HHE) is known to affect redox balance during aging, included are vascular dysfunctions. To better understand vascular abnormality through the molecular alterations resulting from HHE accumulation in aging processes, we set out to determine whether up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by HHE is mediated through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in endothelial cells. HHE induced NF-κB activation by inhibitor of κB (IκB) phosphorylation via the IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) pathway. HHE increased the activity of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), but not c-jun NH2-terminal kinase, indicating that p38 MAPK and ERK are closely involved in HHE-induced NF-κB transactivation. Pretreatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059, and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, attenuated the induction of p65 translocation, IκB phosphorylation, and NF-κB luciferase activity. These findings strongly suggest that HHE induces NF-κB activation through IKK/NIK pathway and/or p38 MAPK and ERK activation associated with oxidative stress in endothelial cells

Predicting Mechanical Complications After Adult Spinal Deformity Operation Using a Machine Learning Based on Modified Global Alignment and Proportion Scoring With Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density

Objective This study aimed to create an ideal machine learning model to predict mechanical complications in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery based on GAPB (modified global alignment and proportion scoring with body mass index and bone mineral density) factors. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2018, 238 consecutive patients with ASD, who received at least 4-level fusions and were followed-up for ≥2 years, were included in the study. The data were stratified into training (n=167, 70%) and test (n=71, 30%) sets and input to machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, random forest gradient boosting system, and deep neural network. Results Body mass index, bone mineral density, the relative pelvic version score, the relative lumbar lordosis score, and the relative sagittal alignment score of the global alignment and proportion score were significantly different in the training and test sets (p<0.05) between the complication and no complication groups. In the training set, the area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROCs) for logistic regression, gradient boosting, random forest, and deep neural network were 0.871 (0.817–0.925), 0.942 (0.911–0.974), 1.000 (1.000–1.000), and 0.947 (0.915–0.980), respectively, and the accuracies were 0.784 (0.722–0.847), 0.868 (0.817–0.920), 1.000 (1.000–1.000), and 0.856 (0.803–0.909), respectively. In the test set, the AUROCs were 0.785 (0.678–0.893), 0.808 (0.702–0.914), 0.810 (0.710–0.910), and 0.730 (0.610–0.850), respectively, and the accuracies were 0.732 (0.629–0.835), 0.718 (0.614–0.823), 0.732 (0.629–0.835), and 0.620 (0.507–0.733), respectively. The random forest achieved the best predictive performance on the training and test dataset. Conclusion This study created a comprehensive model to predict mechanical complications after ASD surgery. The best prediction accuracy was 73.2% for predicting mechanical complications after ASD surgery. This information can be used to prevent mechanical complications during ASD surgery

Preparation of low-radioactive high-purity enriched 100MoO3 powder for AMoRE-II experiment

This paper describes preparing radiopure molybdenum trioxide powder enriched with Mo-100 isotope for the AMoRE-II experiment. AMoRE-II, the second phase of the AMoRE experiments, will search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νDBD) of the 100Mo isotope using over 100 kg of 100Mo embedded in 200 kg of ultra-pure Li2100MoO4 bolometric crystals. Efficient purification technology was developed and adapted to purify 100MoO3 powder with a 5 kg per month production capacity. Based on the ICP-MS analysis of purified powder, the 232Th and 238U were reduced to &lt;9.4 μBq/kg and &lt;50 μBq/kg, respectively. The concentrations of potassium, transition metals, and heavy metals were lower than 1 ppm. HPGe counting confirmed the reduction of progenies from the 232Th and 238U decay chains, reporting upper limits of &lt;27 μBq/kg for 228Ac and &lt;16 μBq/kg for 228Th. The 226Ra activity was acceptable at 110 ± 30 μBq/kg. In the last 3 years, 100 kg of pure 100MoO3 powder was produced. The production yield for the final purified product was above 90%, while irrecoverable losses were under 1.5%, and all by-products could be recycled further

Why do people access news with mobile devices? Exploring the role of suitability perception and motives on mobile news use

Using self-reported survey data (N = 281), the present study explores the structural relationships among mobile users\u27 perceptions of the suitability of two types of mobile news (political feature news and entertainment news), users\u27 motivations for mobile news usage, and their behavioral patterns. Our findings show that two types of perceived suitability for mobile news, particularly for political feature news, are strongly associated with all dimensions of motivations for mobile news usage. Furthermore, as predicted, our findings show that the information-seeking motive is the very factor that determines mobile news usage. The results also reveal that the accessibility motive mediates the relationship between the perceived suitability of obtaining news via a mobile device and users\u27 mobile news behavior. However, contrary to our expectation, the social utility motive does not mediate the relationship between users\u27 perceptions of the suitability of mobile devices for this purpose and their mobile news usage. Finally, the information-seeking and accessibility motives each have an indirect effect on the association between perceived suitability and mobile news usage. The implications of the study and recommendations for future research are also discussed

Participatory or deliberative democracy? Exploring the mediation effects of perceived online deliberation and online interactive activities on social outcomes

Using the structural equation modeling method (N = 811), this study explores the structural relationships among online news consumption, political participation and social trust, with a focus on the mediating effects of online users\u27 deliberative perceptions and news-related online interactive activities. The analysis confirms that users\u27 perceptions of online deliberation exert a significant mediating effect on users\u27 levels of news consumption, political participation, and social trust. Users\u27 interactive civic messaging behaviors, on the other hand, solely enhance participatory intentions. The findings also show that the consumption of political news and the consumption of entertainment news have different effects on users\u27 perceptions of online deliberation, social trust, and political participation. Specifically, while political news has a direct and relatively strong influence on participation, entertainment news has a limited and indirect effect on participation. Online interactive activities are negatively associated with users\u27 perceived competency for online deliberation. Further implications of the study are also discussed

Optimal Inter&amp;#8208;distance of Dimer Au Nanoparticles with Amphiphilic Polymer Brushes for Plasmonic Senso

Gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) sensor needs to have high intensity of surface plasmon resonance and less steric effect for the efficient labeling of sensing. Since dimer satisfies the specified conditions, we have explicitly studied self-assembled monomer and dimer Au-NPs by considering significantly influential factors such as the size of Au-NP, the thickness of polymers, and the gap distance of inner Au-NPs. To control monomerization and dimerization of Au-NPs and their sizes, two polymers, hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as amphiphilic brushes, were grafted on Au-NPs via self-assembly simulation. Computational methods of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and discrete dipole approximation (DDA) were employed for virtual self-assembly and theoretical analyses of plasmon characteristics related to sensing property, respectively. We found that the same amount of the amphiphilic polymers induced the largest Au-NP monomer and the optimal growing condition of dimer was achieved with 54.3-64.3 vol % of PMMA. The gap distance between Au-NPs also controlled by the number of PMMA, which demonstrated that the amounts of hydrophobic polymers may significantly affect the sensing capability of the dimer. Moreover, the gap distance was suggested to be good when the distance is about 0.2-0.4 nm considering sensitivity and detection accuracy. This study unveiled an optimal near-contact Au-NPs@PMMA/PEG with high sensing capability, where the sensitivity and the detection accuracy were high and the electron tunneling effect was minimized, by reporting unseen roles of polymers and plasmons, which consequently allowed achieving a highly efficient Au-NP dimer sensor