Extended x-ray absorption fine structure study of porous GaSb formed by ion implantation

Porous GaSb has been formed by Ga ion implantation into crystalline GaSb substrates at either room temperature or −180 °C. The morphology has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy and the atomic structure was determined using extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Room-temperature implantation at low fluences leads to the formation of ∼20-nm voids though the material remains crystalline. Higher fluences cause the microstructure to evolve into a network of amorphous GaSb rods ∼15 nm in diameter. In contrast, implantation at −180 °C generates large, elongated voids but no rods. Upon exposure to air, the surface of the porous material is readily oxidized yielding Ga₂O₃ and metallic Sb precipitates, the latter resulting from the reduction of unstable Sb₂O₃. We consider and discuss the atomic-scale mechanisms potentially operative during the concurrent crystalline-to-amorphous and continuous-to-porous transformations

Hydrothermal activity lowers trophic diversity in Antarctic sedimented hydrothermal vents

Sedimented hydrothermal vents are those in which hydrothermal fluid vents through sediment and are among the least studied deep-sea ecosystems. We present a combination of microbial and biochemical data to assess trophodynamics between and within hydrothermally active and off-vent areas of the Bransfield Strait (1050–1647 m depth). Microbial composition, biomass and fatty acid signatures varied widely between and within vent and non-vent sites and provided evidence of diverse metabolic activity. Several species showed diverse feeding strategies and occupied different trophic positions in vent and non-vent areas and stable isotope values of consumers were generally not consistent with feeding structure morphology. Niche area and the diversity of microbial fatty acids reflected trends in species diversity and was lowest at the most hydrothermally active site. Faunal utilisation of chemosynthetic activity was relatively limited but was detected at both vent and non-vent sites as evidenced by carbon and sulphur isotopic signatures, suggesting that the hydrothermal activity can affect trophodynamics over a much wider area than previously thought

How to select representative geographical areas in mental health service research

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The WW Boson Loop Background to H -> ZZ at Photon-photon Colliders

We have performed a complete one-loop calculation of $\gamma \gamma \rightarrow ZZ$ in the Standard Model, including both gauge bosons and fermions in the loop. We confirm the large irreducible continuum background from the $W$-boson loop found by Jikia. We have included the photon-photon luminosity, and find that the continuum background of transverse $Z$ boson pairs prohibits finding a heavy Higgs with mass \gtap 350 GeV in this decay mode.Comment: 16 pages + 4 PS figures included (uuencoded), MAD/PH/77

Reacción en el tamaño de poliquetos del fondo marino frente a diferentes regímenes nutricionales

Analyses of body size of abyssal polychaetes were made from sites experiencing different levels of nutrient flux in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Measuring polychaetes was problematical due to high levels of fragmentation, and width of the first chaetiger was used as a surrogate for body size. Results indicated that polychaetes were significantly smaller in Atlantic areas experiencing seasonal or periodic input of phytodetritus. This observation held not just for comparison of sizes of the total assemblage but also when comparisons were made at the family and species level. Not all families showed a response. In the Atlantic, individuals belonging to the families Cirratulidae, Spionidae and Sabellidae indicated size differences, while in the Pacific spionids were significantly smaller from phytodetrital sites. At the species level, six species - all deposit feeders - were significantly smaller from phytodetrital sites, while two nominally predator/omnivore species showed an increase in size. Two hypotheses for the size frequency of the Atlantic populations from phytodetrital sites are suggested – the juvenile recruitment hypothesis where the smaller population body size is because of an influx of newly recruited juveniles; and the allometric plasticity hypothesis which postulates a physiological response from populations from non-phytodetrital areas delaying reproduction and putting more energy into growth, hence resulting in a larger body size. It is hypothesised that the larger size in non-phytodetrital sites may be a response to starvation.Se han realizado análisis sobre el tamaño de algunos poliquetos de zonas abisales marinas con diferentes niveles de flujo de nutrientes en los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico. Dada la tendencia a romperse, la medición de dichos poliquetos fué problemática. Por esta razon, la anchura del primer chaetígero se ha tomado como sustituto del tamaño total. Los resultados indican que los poliquetos eran notablemente más pequeños en zonas donde el flujo de nutrientes era estacional u ocasional. Ésta observación no solo se aplica a la totalidad de la población, sino también al nivel taxonómico familiar y por especies. No todas las familias mostraron dicha relación. En el océano Atlántico, individuos pertenecientes a las familias Cirratulidae, Spionidae y Sabellidae mostraron diferencias de tamaño, mientras que en el océano Pacífico las familias Paraonidae y Spionidae eran de menor tamaño en zonas con aportación nutritiva. Al nivel de especie, seis especies, todas ellas detritívoras, eran más pequeñas en zonas con flujo de nutrientes, y otras dos especies, ambas consideradas carnívoras/omnívoras, eran más grandes en dichas donas. Un análisis de frecuencia de los distintos tamaños de poliquetos en estas zonas demuestran que el alto numero de tamaños menores no ha sido causado por una afluencia de juveniles. Se especula que el mayor tamaño de poliquetos encontrados en zonas con flujo de nutrientes estacional se debe a una reacción de inanición. &nbsp

An Arabidopsis rhomboid protease has roles in the chloroplast and in flower development

Increasing numbers of cellular pathways are now recognized to be regulated via proteolytic processing events. The rhomboid family of serine proteases plays a pivotal role in a diverse range of pathways, activating and releasing proteins via regulated intramembrane proteolysis. The prototype rhomboid protease, rhomboid-1 in Drosophila, is the key activator of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor pathway signalling in the fly and thus affects multiple aspects of development. The role of the rhomboid family in plants is explored and another developmental phenotype, this time in a mutant of an Arabidopsis chloroplast-localized rhomboid, is reported here. It is confirmed by GFP-protein fusion that this protease is located in the envelope of chloroplasts and of chlorophyll-free plastids elsewhere in the plant. Mutant plants lacking this organellar rhomboid demonstrate reduced fertility, as documented previously with KOM—the one other Arabidopsis rhomboid mutant that has been reported in the literature—along with aberrant floral morphology

Fabrication of integrated planar gunn diode and micro-cooler on GaAs substrate

We demonstrate fabrication of an integrated micro cooler with the planar Gunn diode and characterise its performance. First experimental results have shown a small cooling at the surface of the micro cooler. This is first demonstration of an integrated micro-cooler with a planar Gunn diode

Micro-cooler Enhancements by Barrier Interface Analysis

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