9 research outputs found
Caracterización molecular de norovirus, sapovirus y astrovirus en niños con gastroenteritis aguda en Belém (Pará, Brasil)
Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.A importância dos norovírus (NoVs), sapovírus (SaVs) e astrovírus humanos (HAstVs) como causa de surtos de gastrenterites já está bem definida. Entretanto, poucos estudos têm descrito casos esporádicos de gastrenterite aguda causados por
esses agentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o papel destes vírus na etiologia das gastrenterites agudas em
crianças atendidas durante uma vigilância intensiva realizada em hospitais e ambulatórios de Belém, Brasil, de março a
setembro de 2003. Um total de 305 espécimes fecais de pacientes com gastrenterite grave foram coletados e testados por
reação em cadeia da polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa (RT-PCR), utilizando iniciadores específicos Mon 269 e
Mon 270 para os HAstVs; p289 e p290 para os calicivírus humanos (HuCVs); e Mon 431/433 e Mon 432/434 para os
NoVs. Sequenciamento dos amplicons de HAstV, HuCVs e NoVs, obtidos por RT-PCR, foi realizado usando os mesmos
iniciadores. Das 305 amostras testadas, 96 (31,5%) apresentaram resultados positivos, sendo que 51 diagnosticadas
como HuCVs, 40 como HAstVs e cinco infecções mistas. Das 56 (18,4%) amostras de HuCVs sequenciadas, 30 foram
NoVs (9,8%) pertencentes aos genogrupos GI-4 e GII-4, e 15 (4,9%) SaVs dos grupos GI-1, GI-2 e GII-1. HAstVs foram
detectados em 45 (14,7%) das amostras, incluindo os genótipos 1, 8 e 2. Esta pesquisa ressalta a importância destas
viroses como causa de gastrenterite aguda e demonstra a circulação de diferentes genótipos durante o período de estudo.
Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de se estabelecer uma vigilância intensiva das gastrenterite causadas por estes
vírus, de forma a poder avaliar o impacto da doença e monitorar os genótipos circulantes.The importance of norovirus (NoVs), sapovirus (SaVs) and human astrovirus (HAstVs) as causes of gastroenteritis outbreaks
is already well-defined, but a few studies have described sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis caused by these viral
entities. The aim of this study was to determine the role of these viruses in the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children
enrolled to participate in hospital – and emergency department – based intensive surveillance carried out in Belém, Brazil,
from March to September 2003. A total of 305 stool specimens from patients with severe gastroenteritis were collected and
screened by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using the specific primers Mon 269 and
Mon 270 for HAstVs, p289 and p290 for human calicivirus (HuCVs), and Mon 431/433 and Mon 432/434 for NoVs.
Sequencing of RT-PCR HAstV, HuCV and NoV amplicons was carried out using the same primers. Of the 305 samples
tested, 96 (31.5%) were positive, with 51 diagnosed as HuCVs, 40 as HAstVs and five as mixed infections. Of the 56
(18.4%) HuCVs sequenced, 30 were NoVs (9.8%) of genogroups GI-4 and GII-4, and 15 (4.9%) were SaVs of types GI-1,
GI-2 and GII-1. HAstVs, including genotypes 1, 8 and 2, were detected in 45 (14.7%) samples. This study has highlighted
the importance of these viruses as causes of acute gastroenteritis and established the circulation of different genotypes
during the study period. These results reinforce the need for establishing an intensive surveillance for gastroenteritis caused
by these viruses to assess the burden of disease and to monitor the circulation of genotypes
Detection of a novel recombinant strain of norovirus in na African-descendant community from the Amazon region of Brazil in 2008
This study was funded by the Foudation for Research Support of the State of Pará (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Pará - Secretaria de Estado de Desenvolvimento, Ciência e Tecnologia) grant code MS/CNPQ/SECTAM – 001/2006, agreement 032/2007, and by Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretary of Health Surveillance (IEC/ SVS), Ministry of Health, BrazilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Noroviruses, a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, are constantly evolving. Thisability is reflected in the speed and efficiency with which these viruses spread and remain in the human population.The present study reports the detection of a novel recombination event among norovirus genotypes in Brazil in2008. A strain detected in a stool sample from a child with norovirus-associated gastroenteritis, residing in an Africandescendant semi-closed community of Paraº State, wascharacterized as a novel intergenotype recombinant, GII.7/ GII.20, as determined by partial sequencing and SimPlot analysi
Norovirus infection in children admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil
Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) Evandro Chagas Institute, SVS, MSFederal University of Pará State. Tropical Medicine Center. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Diseases. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará State. Institute of Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.University of the Pará State. Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology in the Amazon, Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará State. Tropical Medicine Center. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemic, non-bacterial outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, and are also a major cause of sporadic acute gastroenteritis in infants. The aim of the present study was to identify norovirus infections in children not infected by rotavirus admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis in Belém. A total of 348 fecal specimens were obtained from children with diarrhea aged less than 5 years, all of whom had tested negative for rotavirus, between May 2008 and April 2010. Fecal samples were screened for norovirus antigen using enzyme-immunoassay (EIA). Specimens were subjected to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the primers Mon432/434-Mon431/433 for detection of the GI and GII norovirus strains, respectively. Based on both methods, the overall norovirus positivity rate was 36.5% (127/348). Of the 169 samples collected in the first year, 44.4% (n = 75) tested positive for norovirus using both methods, 35.5% (n = 60) by EIA and 40.8% (n = 69) by RT-PCR. Using RT-PCR as a reference standard, a sensitivity of 78.3%, specificity of 94%, and agreement of 87.6% were recorded. Genome sequencing was obtained for 22 (31.9%) of the 69 positive samples, of which 90.9% (20/22) were genotype GII.4d and 9.1% (2/22) were genotype GII.b. Norovirus infection was most frequent in children under 2 years of age (41.5%-115/277). The peak incidence (62.1%) of norovirus-related acute gastroenteritis in these patients (not infected by rotavirus) was observed in February 2010. These findings emphasize the importance of norovirus as a cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among children in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil
Surto de norovírus em um navio cruzeiro ao longo da costa brasileira, março de 2011
Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia.
Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Vigilância em Saúde do Estado do Pará. Belém, PA, Brasil.Centro de Informações Estratégicas em Vigilância em Saúde. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease may occur on board of cruise ships due to the consumption of contaminated water or food, with a fast person-to-person transmission. Epidemiologic investigations carried out by Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention in USA, have confirmed that more than 95% of gastroenteritis outbreaks in cruise
ships are caused by norovirus (NoV). In March 2011 an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) occurred on a
cruise ship with 1,224 passengers and 554 crew members that sailed from Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State
(Southeast, Brazil) to Manaus, Amazonas State (North) and stopovers in Recife, Pernambuco State, and Fortaleza,
Ceará State (Northeast) and Belém, Pará State (North). Epidemiological data were obtained and seven rectal swab
samples were collected and tested for NoV detection and characterization by molecular techniques. A total of 53
persons (42 passengers and 11 crew members) developed AGE, 75.5% of whom were older than 60 years old. The
symptoms duration was less than 48 h, most of the patients presenting vomiting (79.2%) and diarrhea (73.6%). Most
of the cases varied from mild to moderate and only one patient needed parenteral rehydration. Cases of AGE were
recorded in eight of 12 vessel floors, especially in the recreational areas. The seven rectal samples collected were all
NoV-positive by RT-PCR and all NoV strains were genogrouped as GII by semi-nested PCR. The quantitative real-time
PCR produced a 57.1% NoV positivity rate. The partial nucleotide sequencing classified five (71.4%) of these samples
as GII.P4. Our findings highlight the need for continuous viral enteropathogens surveillance including cruise ships
considering the increase of this kind of touristic option in Brazil.Os surtos da doença gastrointestinal podem ocorrer em navios cruzeiros devido ao consumo de água e comida
contaminadas, com rápida transmissão de uma pessoa a outra. Investigações epidemiológicas realizadas pelos Centros
de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças, nos EUA, confirmaram que mais de 95% dos surtos de gastroenterite em navios
são causados por norovírus (NoV). Em março de 2011, um surto de gastroenterite aguda (GEA) ocorreu em um cruzeiro
com 1.224 passageiros e 554 tripulantes que partiu do Rio de Janeiro, Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Sudeste do Brasil)
para Manaus, Estado do Amazonas (Norte) com paradas em Recife, Estado do Pernambuco, e Fortaleza, Estado do
Ceará (Nordeste) e Belém, Estado do Pará (Norte). Dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos e sete amostras por swab
retal foram coletadas e testadas para a detecção e caracterização do NoV por meio de técnicas moleculares. Um total
de 53 pessoas (42 passageiros e 11 tripulantes) desenvolveram AGE, dos quais 75,5% eram maiores de 60 anos de
idade. Os sintomas duraram menos de 48 h, a maioria dos pacientes apresentou vômito (79,2%) e diarreia (73,6%). A
maior parte dos casos obteve variação entre leve e moderado e apenas um paciente necessitou de reidratação parental.
Casos de AGE foram registrados em oito dos 12 andares do navio, principalmente nas áreas de recreação. As sete
amostras de swab retal coletadas revelaram resultado positivo para NoV por meio de RT-PCR e todas as cepas foram
genogrupadas como GII pelo semi-nested PCR. O PCR quantitativo em tempo real produziu uma taxa de positividade
de 57,1% para NoV. O sequenciamento parcial de nucleotídeos classificou cinco (71,4%) das sete amostras como
GII.P4. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de vigilância contínua dos enteropatógenos virais, incluindo navios
cruzeiros, considerando o aumento deste tipo de opção turística no Brasil
Norovirus diversity in diarrheic children from an African-descendant settlement in Belém, Northern Brazil.
Norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV) and human astrovirus (HAstV) are viral pathogens that are associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. However, little is known about the occurrence of these pathogens in relatively isolated communities, such as the remnants of African-descendant villages ("Quilombola"). The objective of this study was the frequency determination of these viruses in children under 10 years, with and without gastroenteritis, from a "Quilombola" Community, Northern Brazil. A total of 159 stool samples were obtained from April/2008 to July/2010 and tested by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect NoV, SaV and HAstV, and further molecular characterization was performed. These viruses were detected only in the diarrheic group. NoV was the most frequent viral agent detected (19.7%-16/81), followed by SaV (2.5%-2/81) and HAstV (1.2%-1/81). Of the 16 NoV-positive samples, 14 were sequenced with primers targeting the B region of the polymerase (ORF1) and the D region of the capsid (ORF2). The results showed a broad genetic diversity of NoV, with 12 strains being classified as GII-4 (5-41.7%), GII-6 (3-25%), GII-7 (2-16.7%), GII-17 (1-8.3%) and GI-2 (1-8.3%), as based on the polymerase region; 12 samples were classified, based on the capsid region, as GII-4 (6-50%, being 3-2006b variant and 3-2010 variant), GII-6 (3-25%), GII-17 (2-16.7%) and GII-20 (1-8.3%). One NoV-strain showed dual genotype specificity, based on the polymerase and capsid region (GII-7/GII-20). This study provides, for the first time, epidemiological and molecular information on the circulation of NoV, SaV and HAstV in African-descendant communities in Northern Brazil and identifies NoV genotypes that were different from those detected previously in studies conducted in the urban area of Belém. It remains to be determined why a broader NoV diversity was observed in such a semi-isolated community
Dendograms constructed using the partial region of the norovirus RNA polymerase sequence (ORF1-B) (A) and capsid region (ORF2-D) (B) amplified from 14 strains from diarrheic children of Abacatal “Quilombola” Community, metropolitan region of Belém, Pará State, Brazil.
<p>April/2008 to July/2010. Prototype strains are presented together with strains from other locations. The number above each branch corresponds to the bootstrap value (2,000 replicates). The scale bar is proportional to the genetic distance. Study samples were marked (♦): PA-local/Qui-code in the study+F<sub>x</sub>-Number of the stool/country/month+year of collection.</p
Map showing the location of the Abacatal “Quilombola” Community, in the metropolitan region of Belém city, Pará State, Amazon region, Brazil.
<p>Map showing the location of the Abacatal “Quilombola” Community, in the metropolitan region of Belém city, Pará State, Amazon region, Brazil.</p