Egan_et_al_EvolutionMS

Egan_et_al_EvolutionM

KVUO Airport Weather Data Vancouver WA_DRYAD

Abiotic data taken at a weather station (KVUO in Vancouver, WA) near the field site. Dates range from March to December 2013

Populations of <i>D. quercusvirens</i> associated with <i>Q. geminata</i> (<i>Qg</i>) and <i>Q. virginiana</i> (<i>Qv</i>) used in the present study, along with study site location and the population means ± SE and sample sizes (in parentheses) for each trait measured (HTL = hind tibia length [asexual generation], GPC = galls per compound stem gall, MGD = mean gall diameter per individual gall that forms compound gall, HP = host preference of the asexual generation females for <i>Q. virginiana</i> [ = 1 − host preference for <i>Q. geminata</i>]).

<p>Populations of <i>D. quercusvirens</i> associated with <i>Q. geminata</i> (<i>Qg</i>) and <i>Q. virginiana</i> (<i>Qv</i>) used in the present study, along with study site location and the population means ± SE and sample sizes (in parentheses) for each trait measured (HTL = hind tibia length [asexual generation], GPC = galls per compound stem gall, MGD = mean gall diameter per individual gall that forms compound gall, HP = host preference of the asexual generation females for <i>Q. virginiana</i> [ = 1 − host preference for <i>Q. geminata</i>]).</p

Parallel behavioral patterns in host preference among (A) <i>B. treatae</i> and (B) <i>D. quercusvirens</i> populations associated with <i>Q. virginiana</i> or <i>Q. geminata</i>.

<p>Mean (± SE) illustrates the proportion of time spent on <i>Q. virginiana</i> by each population; however, note reversed <i>y</i>-axis on right (mean time on <i>Q. geminata</i> = 1– mean time on <i>Q. virginiana</i>). The dashed line highlights no preference (defined as 50% of time spent on each host). Each population differs significantly from 50% (<i>P</i><0.001). See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054690#pone-0054690-t002" target="_blank">Tables 2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054690#pone-0054690-t003" target="_blank">3</a> for locality information and sample sizes per population. Letters above bars denote significant differences among means from Tukey’s HSD test (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Galls induced on live oaks by <i>B. treatae</i> and <i>D. quercusvirens</i>.

<p>(A) Spherical, unilocular leaf galls housing the asexual generation of <i>B. treatae</i> on the host plant <i>Q. virginiana</i>; (B) multi-chambered root gall housing the sexual generation of <i>B. treatae</i> on the host plant <i>Q. geminata</i>; and (C) compound stem gall housing the asexual generation of <i>D. quercusvirens</i> on the host plant <i>Q. virginiana</i>.</p

Parallel phenotypic patterns among populations of <i>B. treatae</i> (left) and among populations of <i>D. quercusvirens</i> (right) across the same two host plants, <i>Q. virginiana</i> and <i>Q. geminata</i>.

<p>All values compare mean (± SE) of pairwise differences among populations for each species: (A & B) illustrate body size differences, (C & D) illustrate gall structure differences, and (E & F) illustrate gall size differences. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054690#pone-0054690-t002" target="_blank">Tables 2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054690#pone-0054690-t003" target="_blank">3</a> for sample sizes per population.</p

Larval abundance

Both numbers of fruit and numbers of larvae emerging from the fruit of each host to determine larval abundance on given dates

Sampling localities across southeastern USA.

<p>Map of host-associated populations of two species of gall formers on live oak used in the present study. Darker grey shading along coastal USA and Florida illustrates the general distribution of both host plants. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054690#pone-0054690-t002" target="_blank">Tables 2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054690#pone-0054690-t003" target="_blank">3</a> for population abbreviations.</p

Soil Temperatures

Soil temperatures were recorded both inside and outside eclosion tents to determine if significant alterations in temperature resulted from the shading effects of the tents themselves

Populations of <i>B. treatae</i> associated with <i>Q. geminata</i> (<i>Qg</i>) and <i>Q. virginiana</i> (<i>Qv</i>) used in the present study, along with study site location and the population means ± SE and sample sizes (in parentheses) for each trait measured (HTL = hind tibia length [asexual generation], CPG = chambers per root gall, LGD = leaf gall diameter, and HP = host preference of sexual generation females for <i>Q. virginiana</i> [ = 1 − host preference for <i>Q. geminata</i>]).

<p>Populations of <i>B. treatae</i> associated with <i>Q. geminata</i> (<i>Qg</i>) and <i>Q. virginiana</i> (<i>Qv</i>) used in the present study, along with study site location and the population means ± SE and sample sizes (in parentheses) for each trait measured (HTL = hind tibia length [asexual generation], CPG = chambers per root gall, LGD = leaf gall diameter, and HP = host preference of sexual generation females for <i>Q. virginiana</i> [ = 1 − host preference for <i>Q. geminata</i>]).</p