Reimagining career guidance: towards a pluralistic perspective

Difficulties concerning the identified mis-match between supply and demand sides of the labour market are discussed. The variability of career guidance services for young people across Europe is illustrated together with policy initiatives in some cases leading to problems of professional identity and limited support to clients of the service. The risks associated with a monoculture of ‘one size fits all’ approach to guidance practice are discussed. The principles of pluralistic approaches to counselling are discussed with the suggestion that this might prove to be a fertile way forward for career guidance practice

Development of Free Vortex Wake Method for Yaw Misalignment Effect on the Thrust Vector and Generated Power

Wind power is currently one of the most reliable new energy sources serving as an alternative to fossil fuel generated electricity and is known as a widely distributed clean and renewable source of energy. It is now the world's fastest growing energy source and has also become one of the most rapidly expanding industries. The aerodynamics of a wind turbine is governed by the flow around the rotor, where the prediction of air loads on rotor blades in different operational conditions and their relation to rotor structural dynamics is crucial for design purposes. One of the challenges in wind turbine aerodynamics is the yaw condition where the undisturbed upstream flow is not perpendicular to the rotor plane, giving a non-uniform blade load which is contrary to the axisymmetric flow assumption in the BEM (Blade Element Momentum) method. However, there are some engineering methods modifying the BEMmethod for yaw misalignment situations,1 where they often calculate the skewed axial induction factor as an average value over the rotor disk which is insensitive to the blade rotation direction. On the other hand, experiments show that the thrust vector for a positive yaw misalignment differs from that for a negative yaw misalignment. A free vortex wake method, based on the potential, inviscid and irrotational flow, is developed to study the deviation of thrust vector relative to rotor shaft. The results are compared with the BEM method2 and experimental data. A two-bladed variable speed wind turbine, the Hönö wind turbine,3 is used for this study

Minimum Induced Drag for Tapered Wings Including Structural Constraints

For a wing in steady level flight, the lift distribution that minimizes induced drag depends on a tradeoff between wingspan and wing-structure weight. In 1933, Prandtl suggested that tapered wings have an advantage over rectangular wings due to this tradeoff. However, Prandtl’s solutions were obtained using assumptions that correspond to rectangular wings. Therefore, his claim was not analytically proven by his 1933 publication. Here, an approach similar to Prandtl’s is taken with more general approximations that apply to wings of arbitrary planform. This more general development is used to study Prandtl’s claim about tapered wings. Closed-form solutions for the optimum wingspan and corresponding induced drag are presented for wings having elliptic and linearly-tapered planforms with constraints of fixed wing loading and maximum stress. It is shown that induced drag is minimized with a triangular planform, which gives a reduction in induced drag of up to 24.44% over the rectangular planform and up to 11.71% over the elliptic planform. Numerical solutions for the lift distributions that minimize induced drag for each planform are also presented. It is shown that the optimum lift distribution produces up to 5.94% less induced drag than the elliptic lift distribution when the triangular planform is used

Event-specific chorus wave and electron seed population models in DREAM3D using the Van Allen Probes

Abstract The DREAM3D diffusion model is applied to Van Allen Probes observations of the fast dropout and strong enhancement of MeV electrons during the October 2012 double-dip storm. We show that in order to explain the very different behavior in the two dips, diffusion in all three dimensions (energy, pitch angle, and Lo) coupled with data-driven, event-specific inputs, and boundary conditions is required. Specifically, we find that outward radial diffusion to the solar wind-driven magnetopause, an event-specific chorus wave model, and a dynamic lower-energy seed population are critical for modeling the dynamics. In contrast, models that include only a subset of processes, use statistical wave amplitudes, or rely on inward radial diffusion of a seed population, perform poorly. The results illustrate the utility of the high resolution, comprehensive set of Van Allen Probes\u27 measurements in studying the balance between source and loss in the radiation belt, a principal goal of the mission. Key Points DREAM3D uses event-specific driving conditions measured by Van Allen Probes Electron dropout is due to outward radial diffusion to compressed magnetopause Event-specific chorus and seed electrons are necessary for the enhancement

Plasmatrough exohiss waves observed by Van Allen Probes: Evidence for leakage from plasmasphere and resonant scattering of radiation belt electrons

Abstract Exohiss waves are whistler mode hiss observed in the plasmatrough region. We present a case study of exohiss waves and the corresponding background plasma distributions observed by the Van Allen Probes in the dayside low-latitude region. The analysis of wave Poynting fluxes, suprathermal electron fluxes, and cold electron densities supports the scenario that exohiss leaks from the plasmasphere into the plasmatrough. Quasilinear calculations further reveal that exohiss can potentially cause the resonant scattering loss of radiation belt electrons

Experimental and Computational Investigation for In-Line Boundary Layer Ingestion

The aerodynamic characteristics of an aft-body, in-line mounted, boundary layer ingesting, electric ducted fan, propulsion installation system has been investigated through experimental and computational analysis. A modular wind-tunnel model allows variation in the geometry of the propulsion installation system to be assessed, in combination with fan speed. Various experimental measurement techniques, including LDA, seven-hole-probe and surface pressures are employed. The propulsion installation system has also been investigated using RANS CFD and comparison with experimental data is presented. An investigation of the boundary conditions for efficiently representing the fan in CFD is described. Initial results show reasonably good agreement between CFD and experiment, in terms of velocity profiles and surface pressures, but highlight remaining differences for cases exhibiting flow separation

Quantifying hiss-driven energetic electron precipitation: A detailed conjunction event analysis

Abstract We analyze a conjunction event between the Van Allen Probes and the low-altitude Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) to quantify hiss-driven energetic electron precipitation. A physics-based technique based on quasi-linear diffusion theory is used to estimate the ratio of precipitated and trapped electron fluxes (R), which could be measured by the two-directional POES particle detectors, using wave and plasma parameters observed by the Van Allen Probes. The remarkable agreement between modeling and observations suggests that this technique is applicable for quantifying hiss-driven electron scattering near the bounce loss cone. More importantly, R in the 100-300 keV energy channel measured by multiple POES satellites over a broad L magnetic local time region can potentially provide the spatiotemporal evolution of global hiss wave intensity, which is essential in evaluating radiation belt electron dynamics, but cannot be obtained by in situ equatorial satellites alone. Key Points Measured and calculated hiss Bw from POES electron measurements agree well Electron ratio measured by POES is able to estimate hiss wave intensity This technique can be used to provide global hiss wave distributio