Estudio del índice de cetano en el Diesel Premium transferido desde el terminal Tres Bocas al Terminal Pascuales

El presente trabajo propone un análisis del índice de cetano y otras propiedades determinantes en cuanto a calidad del Diesel premium que llega desde TRES BOCAS hasta el terminal Pascuales con el fin de monitorear y analizar la situación actual de este combustible en el país.La metodología es práctica analítica, se realizaron pruebas de laboratorio correspondientes los ensayos ASTM D 1298 y ASTM D86 que son la Prueba de hidrómetro para hallar la gravedad API y la prueba de destilación respectivamente. Se calculó el IC usando un nomograma formado a partir de una ecuación empírica que relaciona la gravedad API y la temperatura de destilación con el IC. Con estos valores obtenidos de IC y con la información provista por PETROECUADOR en los informes del día 10/11/2020 hasta el 31/12/2020 se realizaron gráficos que reflejan la calidad del combustible en este periodo de tiempo. Todos los parámetros se encontraron en los rangos establecidos por la norma NTE INEN 1489:2012, a pesar de que hubo anomalías entre los días 27/11/2020 y 5/12/2020 donde el contenido de azufre llegó casi a los 500 PPM.Finalmente se concluyó en base a los resultados, que el combustible Diesel que se comercializa en el país es de una calidad aceptable para el tipo de vehículos que circulan en el Ecuador, sin embargo, si se quiere alcanzar la normativa Euro V, se deberían fortalecer las normas y estándares de calidad de importación del Diesel. Se propone monitoreos continuos para así detectar las anomalías y sus causas en los parámetros de calidad del DIESEL

Freight Efficiency Strategies: Operational Modernization at Distribution Nodes

This White Paper concludes with recommendations that inform next steps in the development of the California Sustainable Freight Action Plan

Lessons Learned from the Alternative Fuels Experience and How They Apply to the Development of a Hydrogen-Fueled Transportation System

Report describes efforts to deploy alternative transportation fuels and how those experiences might apply to a hydrogen-fueled transportation system

Contrasted effects of relative humidity and precipitation on urban PM2.5 pollution in high elevation urban areas

Levels of urban pollution can be influenced largely by meteorological conditions and the topography of the area. The impact of the relative humidity (RH) on the daily average PM2.5 concentrations was studied at several sites in a mid-size South American city at a high elevation over the period of nine years. In this work, we show that there is a positive correlation between daily average urban PM2.5 concentrations and the RH in traffic-busy central areas, and a negative correlation in the outskirts of the city inmore industrial areas. While in the traffic sites strong events of precipitation (≥9 mm) played a major role in PM2.5 pollution removal, in the city outskirts, the PM2.5 concentrations decreased with increasing RH independently of rain accumulation. Increasing PM2.5 concentrations are to be expected in any highly motorized city where there is high RH and a lack of strong precipitation, especially in rapidly growing and developing countries with high motorization due to poor fuel quality. Finally, two models, based on a logistic regression algorithm, are proposed to describe the effect of rain and RH on PM2.5, when the source of pollution is traffic-based vs. industry-based.publishersversionpublishe

The Southern California Green Hydrogen Cluster

A growing Southern California green hydrogen market would support California's efforts to leverage federal investment from the Infrastructure, Investment, and Jobs Act to establish an equitable, sustainable, and expanding renewable hydrogen hub.As Southern California organizations continue to work with GO-Biz and the rest of the Governor's Administration as it leads public and private stakeholders toward the goal of submitting a single, state-sponsored application encompassing projects throughout California to the U.S. Department of Energy's "Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs" funding program.Due to the relative maturity of hydrogen technology and demand, a Southern California market will initially include green hydrogen production, storage, and transport, with initial end use applications focused on industry, transportation, and ports

Challenges of Electrifying Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles in California and How These Challenges Can Be Overcome

California is electrifying medium and heavy vehicles (vehicles weighing over 8,500 pounds) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide environmental justice for disadvantaged communities. These vehicles are used for delivery, construction, refuse collection or long haul trucking. The three main challenges of electrification are infrastructure, policy and funding. To address these challenges, policy analysis was used to review California’s policies already in place for electrification of medium and heavy duty vehicles. Comparative analysis was used to look at policies in other countries and environmental programs for strategies to help electrification efforts. California faces a lack of infrastructure of medium and heavy duty electric vehicle chargers and high upfront costs. These costs can be decreased per vehicle with a larger volume of electric vehicles. California has many policies to help support adoption of medium and heavy duty electric vehicles, however they can be expanded by looking China’s program starting electrification in specific cities, Oslo, Norway’s involvement of local government and the state’s solar rollout for a market pull strategy. California has various funding opportunities but more sustained funding is needed to overcome the $195.06 billion funding deficit. To tackle challenges faced by electrification of medium and heavy vehicles in California, policy and funding can be coupled to support each other through mandates and partnerships. Emphasis can be placed on infrastructure and initiatives supporting disadvantaged communities. California can start electrification with delivery vehicles because they have the lowest infrastructure costs and provide opportunities for emission reductions and environmental justice across California