Epidemiological Aspects Of Microcephal Cases And Central Nervous System Changes In Newborn

Objective: To describe the epidemiological situation of cases of microcephaly and / or Central Nervous System changes in newborns in the Northeast region of Brazil. Methods: Epidemiological, descriptive study with secondary data. Epidemiological data were collected in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, with cumulative data from the years 2015 and 2016. They were processed in the statistical software SPSS - version 21 and analyzed from the descriptive statistics. Results: It was evidenced that, in the Northeast region, 6,481 cases of microcephaly and / or central nervous system disorders were reported. Of these, the states of Pernambuco and Bahia stand out with a higher percentage of reported and confirmed cases. About the reported deaths, the states of Pernambuco, Ceará and Bahia prevailed. Of the cases of deaths confirmed, the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. Conclusion: it is imperative to carry out an ongoing population awareness campaign on the prevention of ZIKAV and how important it is to follow up the pregnant woman during prenatal care. In addition to the constant updating of health professionals regarding microcephaly and the creation of more services to support the NB and their families. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out more studies to understand the reason for the increase in reported cases of microcephaly, being possible to draw up specific strategies for each locality in order to reduce the cases of this disease. Keywords: Epidemiology; Microcephaly; Central Nervous System; Children

Injuries in the Maxillofacial Complex and Associated Factors in Brazilian Victims of Violence: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of injuries in the maxillofacial complex of victims of violence attended by a Mobile Emergency Care Service in a municipality of Northeastern Brazil. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,347 records were evaluated from February 2014 to December 2016, of which 337 (14.3%) corresponded to victims of violence. Information related to sociodemographic profile, associated factors and violence was collected. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, with significance level of 5%. Results: There was predominance of males (76.3%) and age group of 20-29 years (29.7%). Occurrences were more frequent at night (61.4%) and at the weekend (40.7%). Alcohol use was observed in 63.5% of victims and 16.0% reported illicit drug use, with predominance of crack (92.6%). The most prevalent type of aggression was physical violence (54.9%). The majority of victims presented a single lesion (72.7%) with predominance of laceration (80.4%). Cases of head and face injuries represented, respectively, 33.5% and 35.9% of aggressions. Face injuries showed association with gender (p = 0.027) and number of injuries (p = 0.042). Conclusions: The main victims of violence are young men who have used alcohol and illicit drugs. Physical aggression is the most frequent type of violence, with high occurrence of head and face injuries. Face injuries showed association with gender and number of lesions, both being more frequent among women

Sociodemographic Situation of Elderly Affected by Systemic Arterial Hypertension

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of systemic hypertension in elderly in Cajazeiras County - PB. Methodology: descriptive study, exploratory, cross-sectional, of quantitative approach. A random sample totaled in 348 elderly assisted by Family Health Strategy – FHS at Cajazeiras County - PB. For the analysis, it was used a statistical package, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, descriptive simple statistics (frequency / percentage). Results: There was a high prevalence of hypertension (73.9%), there was a predominance of males (77.3%), higher incidence of hypertension among the elderly aged ≤ 71 (75.0%), live in rural areas (79.2%), live with his/her partner (77.4%) and income ≤ 1 minimum wage (76.1%). Conclusion: Health professionals, especially nurses, should understand the limitations and disabling aspects faced by the elderly, preventing proper treatment of hypertension and satisfactory lifestyle to disease prevention and health promotion, creating strategies to mitigate or remedy these difficulties. &nbsp

Analisando as pesquisas em educação especial no Brasil Analysing research in special education in Brazil

Nosso objetivo foi examinar a articulação lógica entre o problema e a proposição teórico-metodológica das produções na área da Educação Especial, focando os seus pressupostos epistemológicos. Nos fundamentamos nos pressupostos das tendências empírico-analítica, fenomenológica-hermenêutica, crítico-dialética e do paradigma da complexidade. O procedimento adotado foi interpretar todas as dissertações/teses produzidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação e Educação Especial do Brasil, que versam sobre Educação Especial, produzidas nos anos de 2001, 2002 e 2003, disponíveis no banco de teses da CAPES. Encontramos as tendências empírica, fenomenológica e dialética. Os equívocos encontrados foram a não inserção da pesquisa entre as produções na área; ausência de criticidade; não posicionamento numa determinada concepção de educação; construção teórica fundamentada em concepções diferentes; falta de coerência nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos; não explicitação metodológica; não descrição dos procedimentos éticos; e má elaboração dos resumos. Concluímos pela necessidade da melhoria das dissertações/teses para que possamos avançar na produção de conhecimento na área da Educação Especial.<br>Our objective was to analyze the logical articulation between the problem and the theoretical-methodological proposal of studies in the field of Special Education, focusing on the epistemological issues. We based our study on the empiric-analytical tendencies, phenomenology-hermeneutic, critical-dialectical and the complexity paradigm. The procedure that was adopted was interpreting all dissertations/thesis produced in Post-Graduate programs in Education and Special Education in Brazil, which focus on Special Education, produced in 2001, 2002 and 2003, available online at CAPES' thesis database. We found empirical, phenomenological and dialectic tendencies. The errors encountered included the failure to include the research among the productions in the field; lack of critical approach; lack of making explicit what educational conception the study was based on; theoretical construction based on different conceptions; lack of coherence in the theoretical-methodological proposals; lack of methodological specification; absence of ethical procedural descriptions; and poorly written abstracts. We came to the conclusion that improvements in theses /dissertations are necessary so as to continually move forward in the production of knowledge in the field of Special Education