The role of trimetazidine in ischemia/reperfusion damage treatment in an ovary torsion model experimentally induced in rats

The aim of this experimental animal study was to investigate the histopathological and biochemical efficacy of trimetazidine (TMZ) in decreasing ovary damage in an ovary ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in the rat. A total of 35 Wistar albino female rats were randomly separated into five groups, n = 7 per group: Group 1: Sham (S) was only given a laparotomy procedure. Group 2: Ischaemia (I) group with 2-hour ischaemia using a vascular sutur. Group 3: Ischaemia/Reperfusion (I/R) group with 2 hour ischaemia and 2-hour reperfusion. Group 4: Sham + 10 mg/kg orally TMZ (S + TMZ). Group 5: I/R + 10 mg/kg oral TMZ (I/R + TMZ) group with 2 hours ischaemia and 2 hours reperfusion after the administration orally 10 mg/kg oral TMZ. Two daily doses of TMZ were orally administered to Group 4 (S + TMZ) and Group 5 (I/R + TMZ) for three days. TMZ significantly decreased vascular congestion, haemorrhage, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in group 5 compared to group 3 (p  .05). TMZ which is an antioxidant agent can efficiently prevent in I/R damage in rat ovaries but further studies are necessary in order to implement it in the clinical settings.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Adnexial torsion is the most common gynecological emergency and there are no specific clinical, laboratories, or radiological findings for adnexal torsion. Unfortunatelly, the currently accepted treatment is adnexal detorsion. Cytoprotective effects of Trimetazidine (TMZ), an antianginal drug, are well-defined and it has been demonstrated to improve oxidative stress markers and limits membrane damage induced by reactive oxygen species and protects tissues from free radicals with its antioxidant effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of TMZ in experimentally induced adnexal torsion in rats and to investigate possible effects in maintaining ovarian reserve to prevent I/R damage or reperfusion damage. What do the results of this study add? Our study showed that TMZ significantly decreased vascular congestion, haemorrhage, and PMNL infiltration. TMZ decreased the malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, and the oxidative stress index values, but these decreases were not statistically significant. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Although various antioxidant drugs and chemicals have been used to protect the ovaries against I/R damage, they have not been demostrated to prevent it completely. TMZ, an antioxidant efficacy agent, has been shown to prevent ovarian I/R damage by suppressing inflammation in terms of histopathological parameters. Further studies involving a greater number of experimental animals are required before using TMZ for the treatment of humans with I/R damage in the clinical setting

Implant-Assisted Dental Rehabilitation of a Patient With Maxillary Rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant, soft tissue neoplasm consisting of cells derived from the primitive mesenchyme that exhibit a profound tendency to undergo myogenesis. Multimodality therapy for tumors in the head and neck regions has a significant effect on maxillofacial skeletal growth, dental development, and the whole ecologic system of the oral cavity

Carcinoma of the Tongue: A Case-control Study on Etiologic Factors and Dental Trauma

Background: Carcinoma of the tongue is the most common intra-oral malignancy in Western countries. Incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years, and survival has not improved. This study aimed to determine etiologic factors for tongue cancer with age-sex matched case-control data. Materials and Methods: 47 patients with carcinoma of the tongue referred to our oral medicine clinic between years 2005-2006 were analyzed and compared with control group data. The medical records, including family history of cancer, dental trauma, and history of abuse of alcohol and tobacco products was recorded for all subjects. Chi square comparison tests and linear regression analysis were performed using the SPSS program for statistics. Results: Patient and randomly selected control groups each consisted of 30 male and 17 female subjects with mean ages 53.2 (+/- 12.6) and 52.6 (+/- 11.5) years respectively. Smoking and alcohol abuse proportions were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.0001, p<0.0001 respectively). Chronic mechanical trauma was observed in 44.7% of the patients and 17.0% of the control group (p=0.004). Similarly, family history of cancer of any type (for the first degree relatives) was found to be more common in the patient group (p=0.009). On regression analysis, alcohol abuse, family history of cancer, smoking, chronic mechanical traumas appeared as significant etiologic factors (p=0.0001). Conclusions: We believe that field cancerization may become evident in oral and oropharyngeal mucosa with multiple steps of molecular changes starting from the first sign of dysplasia with chronic exposure to etiological factors. Chronic trauma cases need particular attention to search for very early signs of cancer

Is the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism responsible for oral mucositis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Background and Aim: Although the functional consequences of MDR-1 polymorphisms have been the subject of numerous studies, to the best to our knowledge, associations with clinical side effects of anticancer drugs have yet to be assessed. Our aim was to clarify any role of the C3435T polymorphism of the MDR1 gene in oral mucositis and its relation with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Materials and Methods: The distribution of the MDR-1 C3435T polymorphism in 47 patients with ALL was determined by RFLP and compared with that of 68 healthy controls. Results: There were no association in distribution of genotypes of MDR-1 C3435T polymorphism and the risk of ALL. Oral mucositis were detected in 78.7% (n=37) of the patients and significantly related to the MDR-1 CT genotype (p=0.042), as confirmed by logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that children carrying the CT genotype are more prone to develop oral mucositis, which might mean that the heterozygous genotype leads to accumulation of more reactive oxygen species. Since a limited number of patients was investigated, further studies are needed to confirm these findings

Effect of Doxycycline on Aseptic Reperfusion Injury in Ovarian Torsion

Objective: Reperfusion injury occurs when the condition causing ischemia in ovarian torsion is corrected and the blood supply is re-established. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether doxycycline treatment reduces reperfusion injury in a rat model. Study Design: Thirty-five female albino Wistar rats were split into the five groups. Sham: Sham operation; ischemia (I): 2 hours of ischemia; ischemia and reperfusion (I/R): 2 hours of ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion; Sham-Dc: Sham operation and doxycycline 10-mg/kg (2 hours prior to surgery); I/R-Dc: 2-hours of ischemia and doxycycline 10-mg/kg and 2-hours of reperfusion. The groups were compared in terms of histological and biochemical features. A semi-quantitative histological assessment scoring system was used for the histological examination. Follicular cell degeneration, vascular congestion, haemorrhage and inflammatory cell count were evaluated for histological analysis. For biochemical analysis of reperfusion injury, the body's total antioxidant status and total oxidant status were measured using a fully automatic method. The oxidative stress index was calculated by dividing total antioxidant status by total oxidant status. Results: In the sham group the ovaries were histologically normal. Oedema, vascular congestion, bleeding, leukocyte infiltration and follicle degeneration were increased in other groups (p<0.05). There was less leukocyte infiltration in the I/R-Dc group compared to I/R group. Other histological features were similar in these groups. Doxycycline increased the malondialdehyde, total antioxidant and total oxidant status levels in Sham-Dc and I/R-Dc groups. This increase was statistically significant between Sham and Sham-Dc groups. However, although there was an increase in the biochemical markers in the I/R-Dc group, this increase was not significant compared to I/R group. Conclusion: Doxycycline treatment in ovarian torsion does not reduce I/R injury. Doxycycline may even increase reperfusion injury, according to biochemical findings

Antibiotic use and Influencing Factors Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Point-Prevalence Study from Turkey

Background: Broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials arc frequently prescribed for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) despite the lack of evidence for bacterial coinfection